Serial Killers Essay -- Essays Papers

Serial Killers Serial killers kill because of three patterns we see develop throughout their lives. These patterns are the development of youthful addressistics and habits, abusing events in their lives, and the final push. To be qualified as a serial killer one must murder more than three victims, one at a time, in a relatively short time period. The most common serial killers are white, heterosexual, sexually frustrated, young adult males with low self-esteem. Lester Ballard, the main character in Child of God, by Cormac McCarthy, displays these patterns as I have found it described in texts on serial killers. The earliest warning signs of serial killers potty be traced back to their childhood. It is believed that the brainpower of a murderer is charged with a turbulence of emotions stored from early childhood (Abrahamsen 18). When these often repressed emotions are activated, the mind, particularly when ablaze(p) or frustrated, becomes violent, an d so it is that a person who may appear quite normal and well adjusted on the surface, becomes possessed by a mind that murders (Abrahamsen 18). The study of 36 incarcerated killers by Robert Ressler, Ann Burgess, and John Douglas, which can be found in their book Sexual Homicide Patterns and Motives, found many common behavior indicators in their childhoods. These behaviors include daydreaming, compulsive masturbation, isolation, chronic lying, bed wetting, rebelliousness, nightmares, destroying property, fire setting stealing, rigorousness to children, poor body image, temper tantrums, sleep problems, display assault toward adults, phobias, running away, cruelty to animals, accident prone, headaches, destroying possessions, eating problems, convulsions, and... ...nd. New York Harper and Row, 1973.Bardsley, Marilyn. Jeffrey Dahmer. Dark Horse Multimedia, 2000. Bell, Rachel. The Crime Library Everything You Need to Know About Ted Bundy. Dark Horse Multimedia Inc, 2001. Mendoza, Antonio. earnings Crime Archives. 2000. McCarthy, Cormac. Child of God. New York Vintage Books, 1973.Newton, Michael. Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. New York Facts on File, 2000.Serial Killers Exposed. Serial Killers Info Polls. 2000. Winn, Steven. Ted Bundy, The Killer Next Door. New York Buntam Books, 1979.

Role Reversal within Macbeth :: Essays Papers

Role Reversal within Macbeth Shakespeares Macbeth documents a mans desire for power, and the murderous acts that he commits in order to net it. Nevertheless, it equally focuses on his power-crazed wife and her amplified drive for control. Macbeth and his wife are joined by more than holy matrimony. Shakespeare creates an intriguing relationship that traces the downfall of not a single person, but an entity comprised of two. The concentration is directed on this oneness through the plot progression within Macbeth, in which the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are reversed. Even upon the freshman introduction of the Macbeths, it is evident that they do not represent the stereotypical men and women of Shakespeares day. In public, Lady Macbeth plays the traditional housewife and hostess while Macbeth is hold by his colleagues as a fierce and loyal warrior however, the Macbeths behave quite the opposite when in only each others company. Lady Macbeth blatantly distinguishes hersel f as the dominant force in the relationship. For instance, when Macbeth is unsure of how to manage Duncans visit to Inverness, Lady Macbeth instantaneously seizes control of the situation, demanding that Macbeth put/This nights dandy business into my dispatch (1.6. 79-80). This type of behavior from a woman was unheard of in Shakespeares time according to Roland Muschat Frye, who states, This evil consists in Lady Macbeths usurping, as a wife, that conjugal authority which Shakespeares age regarded as naturally and irrevocably assigned to the husband (102). Macbeth, however, displays no interest in assume command and is portrayed as subservient to his overbearing wife, as Frye confirms, While Lady Macbeth unsexed herself, Macbeth profaned his sex by submission to her (104). Hence, even from the start, the Macbeths personalities hypothesize the inverse of the social standard of that time. As the play proceeds, however, the balance of this relation will reverse. Macbeth and his wife clearly exchange roles in terms of the amount of ambitiousness they display. Although both characters blatantly crave power, it is Lady Macbeth who is initially presented as the driving force in the relationship. Her intentions are purely directed toward obtaining immediate power. For example, upon first tuition about the witches predictions, she immediately devises a murder plot and takes charge of the situation. This is made evident as she coldly explains to her husband, Only look up clear,/To alter estimate ever is to fear.

The Fall of the House of Usher Essay -- Literary Analysis, Edgar Allen

In the story The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe, the grapheme Roderick Usher is the last male member of the Usher family. The Usher family has a nearly impeccable direct line of descent as stated in paragraph 3 of the story. Roderick has only one living relative, his sister Madeline. This means that the Usher family is in jeopardy of disappearing because neither Roderick nor his sister has any children. wherefore there is a possibility of incest between Roderick and Madeline. However this could result in many difficulties and problems for the potential children and possibly on the consciences of Roderick and Madeline. In the story Roderick sings a verse form entitled The Haunted Palace to the narrator of the story. Since Roderick Usher is having doubts about the security of his family line he uses the poem as a way of expressing these emotions without stating them explicitly.The organization of the stanzas in The Haunted Palace shows a lot about the poems overall me aning. The poem is literally about a rook in a beautiful valley. The palace is inhabited by spirits and a regulation of the valley. The valley is a happy place until it is attacked by evil spirits and their ruler dies. The attack of the spirits leaves the palace a dark and gloomy place. But this literal translation of the poem does not show its allegoryical meaning. A metaphor of the poem can be found through the organization of the poem as a whole. Stanza I describes the setting of the poem In the greenest of our valleys (1.1). It also mentions the palace which is in the valley. Stanza II describes the palace in more detail, labelling it as a beautiful place. Stanza III gives information on the tenants of the palace spirits live at heart with the ru... ...oderick refers to the spirits as good and says that they sing about The wit and wisdom of their king. (4.8). The ruler of the realm (3.8) whom the spirits are singing about could represent the hearthstone of Usher, but not th e literal house of Usher, instead they are singing about the Usher family. It is known that this is a name often given to both(prenominal) the house and the family the House of Usher an appellation which seemed to include, in the minds of the peasantry who used it, both the family and the family mansion. (Poe par.3) Therefore Roderick could be saying all of this because he is proud of his family and believes that he is allow down the House of Usher by not continuing the direct line of descent that his family has continued for so many years. Thus when the king dies in the poem (5.3-4), Roderick could think that his family line has already died.

Hamlet †Spiritual or Non-spiritual? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

critical point Spiritual or Non-spiritual? The spiritual dimension or side of the Shakespeargonan drama Hamlet is nearly quite as elicit as the non-spiritual aspect. This essay will explore the spiritualty in its various dimensions. R.A. Foakes in The Plays Courtly Setting explains the spiritual setback Hamlet experienced following the ghosts revelation and request for revenge Perhaps the most terrible feature of his realization of corruption everywhere is his recognition of it in himself too where others deceive he must deceive too, where others act he must put on an antic disposition, where the inmost desires and passions of others must be revealed, so must his own passions be roused. And where there is no legal punishment for his fathers death, he must stoop, driven by the comprehensive wrong, and being thus be-netted round with villainies, to revenge. He must sh ar the corruption of others in spite of his nobility, and recognize in himself the common features, we are ar rant knaves all. (53) In his essay Hamlet His Own Falstaff, Harold Goddard sees that Hamlet was made for religion and several other purposes He Hamlet was made, that is, for religion and philosophy, for love and art, for liberty to grow unto himself five forces that are the elemental enemies of Force. And this man is called upon to kill. It is almost as if Jesus had been asked to play the role of Napoleon (as the temptation in the wilderness suggests that in some sense he was). If Jesus had been, ought he to have accepted it? The absurdity of the question prompts the recording of the strangest of all the strange facts in the history of Hamlet the fact, namely, that nearly all readers, commentators, and critics are agreed in thinking that it was Hamlets duty to kill, that he ought indeed to have killed much sooner than he did. (12) Goddards highlighting of the principal(prenominal) question underlying the narrative of the play a moral question involving justifiable killing ind icates the spiritual nature of Hamlet. Not all critics appreciate the spirituality in Hamlet. A.C. Bradleys Shakespearean Tragedy Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth presents a different interpretation regarding the presence of spirituality within the play For although this or that dramatis parting may speak of gods or of God, of evil spirits or of Satan, of heaven and of hell, and although the poet may show us ghosts from another world, these ideas do not materially make up ones mind his representation of life, nor are they used to throw light on the mystery of its tragedy.

cyborg performance :: essays research papers

Explore the relationship between the personate and technology in the work of Orlan and StelarcA performer is essentially composed of two entities the self and the authority of the self. The human body is the physical manifestation of this represented self and is interpreted by the observer depending on its gender, age, colour, attractiveness, adornment and perceived disabilities (these perceptions often being culture-bound as well). In addition to this, the performer uses make-up and costume, and interactions with the performance space to affect the interpretation. For the focus of a performance space, what better place to start with than this powerful physical form?In performance, there is a tendency to perceive the actor and the body as a very separate entity to the concrete, technological elements of the stage. Orlan and Stelarc, contemporary performance artists, dispute this perception - Mcclellan (1994, para.14) describes them as the post-human Adam and Eve, suggesting that they are heralding in a new breed of performer, inextricably related to, and even created by, technology. This certainly reflects the role of the body and technology in current Western society - medical technology can create life in vitro and, defying nature, can alter its intrinsic transmitted makeup, and internet technologies can allow a person to project a fabricated disembodied persona onto the net to interact with others over vast distances. Orlan and Stelarc dig technological integration as a prerequisite to their work the questions lie in what it means to the self if the way in which it is represented (the body) is altered.In cartel aspects of endurance and durational performance art, Orlan presented the alteration of her own body in the surgical theatre. The Reincarnation of Saint Orlan is her most well-known piece of work, begun in 1990. However, she did begin execute in the 1960s when, even then, she demonstrated a subversive attitude towards the body. In 1964 she us ed her own body as a unit of step (Orlan-corps) to measure public buildings (Flande ed., Biography, www.orlan.net). This project continued into the late 1970s. The reduction of her body to a tool of measurement was the less extreme forerunner to the reduction of it as a canvas in The Reincarnation of Saint Orlan. In both pieces, she objectifies her body, however in The Reincarnation of Saint Orlan, the implications on herself and her audiences are utmost more controversial.A surgical textbook defines ideal beauty as that of a white woman whose face is perfectly symmetrical in extraction and profile (Balsamo cited in Auslander, 1997, p.

cyborg performance :: essays research papers

Explore the relationship between the body and technology in the work of Orlan and StelarcA performer is essentially self-possessed of two entities the self and the representation of the self. The human body is the physical manifestation of this represented self and is interpreted by the observer depending on its gender, age, colour, attractiveness, adornment and perceived disabilities (these perceptions ofttimes being culture-bound as well). In addition to this, the performer uses make-up and costume, and interactions with the performance space to affect the interpretation. For the focus of a performance space, what better place to resume with than this powerful physical signifier?In performance, there is a tendency to perceive the actor and the body as a very separate entity to the concrete, scientific elements of the stage. Orlan and Stelarc, contemporary performance artists, challenge this perception - Mcclellan (1994, para.14) describes them as the post-human Adam and Eve, su ggesting that they are heralding in a new breed of performer, inextricably related to, and yet created by, technology. This certainly reflects the role of the body and technology in current Western society - medical technology puke create life in vitro and, defying nature, can alter its intrinsic genetic makeup, and internet technologies can allow a person to project a fabricated disembodied persona onto the net to interact with others over vast distances. Orlan and Stelarc embrace technological integration as a prerequisite to their work the questions lie in what it means to the self if the way in which it is represented (the body) is altered.In combining aspects of endurance and durational performance art, Orlan presented the alteration of her own body in the surgical theatre. The Reincarnation of deification Orlan is her most well-known firearm of work, begun in 1990. However, she did begin performing in the 1960s when, even then, she demonstrated a subversive attitude towar ds the body. In 1964 she used her own body as a unit of measurement (Orlan-corps) to measure public buildings (Flande ed., Biography, www.orlan.net). This project continued into the late 1970s. The reduction of her body to a tool of measurement was the little extreme forerunner to the reduction of it as a canvas in The Reincarnation of Saint Orlan. In both pieces, she objectifies her body, however in The Reincarnation of Saint Orlan, the implications on herself and her audiences are far more controversial.A surgical textbook defines ideal beauty as that of a white woman whose face is suddenly symmetrical in line and profile (Balsamo cited in Auslander, 1997, p.

HOSP 310 Week 5 Internet Exercises Essay

a) One of the trends that ar occurring in the hotel industry is the increase in social structure in certain pipelines and areas. The Spanish influenced countries of Latin America and South America are seeing the largest increase. The increased interest in the Hispanic culture by society is driving legion(predicate) consumers to want to escape to the sandy beaches and the tropical oasis. The other trend is the decrease in the Afri bay profitsdow and the Middle Eastern Pipelines. more than of this can be contributed to the political tempestuousness in these countries that is covered by the media.While many still want to go on vacations to their holy lands for unearthly purposes or visit many ancient areas of art and documented history not many consumers are wanted to travel with young children to these areas due to the unrest and military presence and rather are looking for rest and relaxation rather than additional intellect and experience. b) Based on the headlines and the arti cles on Hotel Online I contribute found a trend to be the renovations of hotels that sport been long standing.The renovations of these hotels are focused on the consumer and the upgrades to the lifestyle changes and health and environmental sensibleness across the world. numerous hotels are going green and adding markets or dining options that are alike green and health conscious. This is important as the world begins to become more aware environmentally of what the waste is doing to the planet that we want to have around for our children many more bulk are recycling and finding innovative ways to reuse and cut back. A more health conscious society is also moving toward eating foods that are not processed and are not fill with fillers and pesticides trying to increase the longevity of life. Consumers are looking for options that can meet both of these needs. Many hotel chains are going through multi-million dollar renovations to constitute the upgrades and meet the needs of the social empire that influences cultures all over the world. Exercise 2a) Each of the 3 sites has similarities such as a lit of their properties, entropy for investors as well as the company history or mission statement. The differences start with Starwood that offers very detailed as well as list and comprise views of the properties as well as photos of the individual properties. Host hotels have a place for news releases about information from within the company. The FelCor Lodge Trust is various as it lists the hotels that the company has on the market for sale. b) Starwood Target market is the well rounded and has a hotel for every one and every amenity such as pets, conventions, and weddings so that the most diverse of people are collectively attracted to their properties both domestically and internationally.Host Hotels Target market is both for the wealthy and socially machine-accessible since names as the Four Seasons, Hilton, and Ritz Carlton are among the propertie s they own. The target market of the wealthy open likes to mix business trips with pleasure and their properties seem to be able to hold up both. FelCor Lodging Trust- Target Market is the vacationing family that wants to be centrally determined in the city they are traveling to or visiting. Many of the properties are also located within the airport so they make it easy for family to not have to travel far from the airport for their accommodations. All of their properties are within the US except for one in Canada. c) Starwood Westin, Sheraton, Four Points by Sheraton, W Hotels, St Regis, The luxury Collection, Element Hotels, Hilton Worldwide.Host Hotels- Ritz Carlton, Four Seasons, Marriott, Sheraton, Hilton, Hyatt, W Hotels. FelCor- Embassy Suites, Wyndam, Sheraton, Double Tree, Hilton. d) Starwood is a paperclip REIT which is disparate from the standard REIT. In each case, the idea is to maximize the tax advantages in herent in real estate investment trusts, or REITs, while allowing the company to knead properties that such trusts normally cannot run. The paper-clip structure is very similar to spin-offs of operating companies. Although the stock in the two companies is not traded in tandem (or stapled), the economics of both businesses are closely linked, or paper clipped, due to an intercompany agreement between the REIT and the operating company. In other words, shareholders who wish to capture the combined economics of the distinct companies can acquire shares in each company and paper clips them together. Chapter 12Exercise 1a) Both of the sites have their rewards programs for returning customers as a highlight to win continued business. They further repugn by making it clearon their websites with photos and labels as well easy navigation and online booking that they have options and are here to accommodate the needs of any consumer whether it be business or pleasure, short term or long-term stays, and their presence throughout the world. b) Bo th sites offer enfranchisement information however in my opinion Wyndam has a more comprehensive and easily navigated information site with tabs.This information is slightly generalized as they have many different brands. Before you get specific information form pick Hotels you have to choose your brand and lieu which may not be decided upon and may change from location to location. I think that the support services and the FAQ from Wyndam is more inclusive of what to expect. Choice Hotels wants you to email them for additional info and many people who are interested may just be looking for upfront costs and other items without having to email the company. Exercise 2a) The 3 hotels compete for the same target population but each configures a different marketing style. The Four Seasons focuses on the location of the hotel and the beauty of the city in which it is located so it is attraction based. The Ritz Carlton website focuses on the room amenities and what you will experience i nside the room for the duration of the stay and highlights that in scrolling photos. Rosewood highlights a large screen picture that is very different from most websites and the actual background of the site is the photo that changes with different cultural experiences that you could have as a guest at the resort in that country. b) In my opinion the hotel with the best marketing strategy is Rosewood Hotels & Resorts. This is because as the website features the different locations you see photos of actual people interacting with some other from that particular region or culture.You see yourself in the eyes of the people who are living the experiences captured. This is very effective as it is assumed the room with be gorgeous and the amenities top notch so why not showcase the experience the guest can choose to have. c) These hotels cater to the wealthy and the people who do not look at the price of the stay but rather the experience the stay will give them and the social status of the location as well. These hotels are large and expensive as well as the contemporary dcor and the sought after privacy that the guest will get. The Choice and Cendant hotel groups market their price on price and breakfast as well as comfort ability and internet amenities as they are suffice the population of business personnel and families who will most likely spend most of their time out of the room at local attractions rather than entertain in their own suite as is possible with the luxurious facilities.

Bureaucratic Organization And The Learning Process

This paper dialog about a bureaucratic nerve in detail. It focuses however on the discipline aspect in an giving medication that means how conducive the wide working environment is thither. This onward motion of a culture environment is essential in effective growth of a company or whichever governance that undertakes the instruction process as part of their work. The argument that surrounds this entire paper is essentially that how well a bureaucratic presidency deals with this aspect of efficiency by inculcating within it the process of subliminal accomplishment.The argument arises when it is said that there is not much eruditeness undertaken in a typical bureaucratic organization. Introduction At the onset of the industrial revolution, at the end of the eighteenth century, some small shops around villages etc. were transformed into big actories by centralizing their power. There are two main practices that are talked about when the term bureaucratic organization is mentioned. These two main theories are webers ideal bureaucracy Taylors scientific management Both these concepts talk about miscellanea and labor resource.These two factors according the theories are very important in determining what exactly is meant by efficiency in work at the workplace. Taylors scientific management Taylor talked about analysis undertaken at the workplace with respect to working behavior. His study which was very detailed and conclusive, analyzed labor work at a factory where there were machines involved withal. His aim was to improve efficiency while also making true that per unit costs decrease of the turnout or the product/s that are being produced.The role of the research was to make sure that the benevolent labor involved were basically machines that could be replaced or exchanged with each other when there is a lack in ones performance for instance. (Kimble, n. d. ) His idea originated from that one time when he conducted empirical studies on work ers who were doing repetitive jobs. He called these repetitive jobs and the employees/ lower level factory workers tasks as soldiering. He claimed that an efficient way or the best mode of doing each job should be determined and then taught to all the workers.This, according to him would make sure that the workers productivity goes up and the workers would also olfactory property alike(p) they are indulging into quality work for the organization thereby also leading motivating them. He said that there are some forces at work that cave in towards the substantial production of output. These factors involved are the internal human characteristics, the physical environment, social atmosphere, the task itself. The task itself would involve things like the kind of work involved (manual or automated), speed with which it outhouse be done etc.For this purpose he designed time motion studies to measure how workers contribute to the output. (Kimble, n. d. ) Taylor found out that as the products involved more and more complex, and then the workers productivity increased thereby too. And eventually the entire middle management of the factor itself emerged as a new layer therein. Departmentalization took place resulting into more efficient allocation of resources. (Kimble, n. d. ) The Ideal Bureaucracy Max Weber (1864 1920) Max Weber was the actual proponent of bureaucracy.He talked about having a form of organization that incorporates into itself use of written and formal documents. Moreover, some raft take the term bureaucracy as something that has monarchy or an authoritarian style of leadership or management. This is the view that Weber promoted. At the time when capitalism was very much in an influential state, concept of this caseful of management was introduced. It had/ has the interplay of maximization of the production or the output, while also making sure that input prices and costs are minimized.Hence, this is the point where Taylor also agrees when the latter talks about efficiency in allocation and management of resources while doing work. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber categorized umpteen concepts that he thought are related to this type of politics and management. These he called as the core factors or rudiments that are there in such an organization. These are Efficiency first of all Impersonality Logical time of activities and events Weber further illustrated and clarified the role of bureaucracy by saying how the structure of such a firm is runled from above.Hence, there is centralization of power wholly at the top and most of time no one else has any authority in making or trying to undertake any decisions involving the organizations functions and activities. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber said that such an organization hence has more chances of succeeding in its lifecycle development since there is no meddling of affairs in the hands of those who are not directly involved in the organization. He gave the example of the army or the forces, by saying that they have success in the performance of their goals since they have centralized authority and power at the top.This results in giving of and hence following of the direct orders of the entire team in the army. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber proclaimed that along with the power at the top, there is also power and authority at the managing level or the head of each level in the hierarchy. He said such organizations are more effective and stable. (Kimble, n. d. ) development Process in Organizations There are many companies today that indulge in many different activities involving various perspectives. This means that they have the kind of perspectives that they think are effective to do the work that are involved in.now, putting these obtuse concepts together it can be said that a teaching organization indulges into subliminal knowledge overlap that promotes the presence and activation of a conducive environment. Facilitation of attainment on each employees par t in an organization along with changes, results in a learning process. (Smith, 2001) There is widespread opening up of peoples capacities which mean that each individual has a fair chance of learning in the process of working for this organization.There can be an amalgamation of many employees ideas and thoughts that could result into changes in the organization in future which would contribute towards its development. There is inspiration, aspirations, hopes and dreams, aiming to achieve success and more and more developments in a positive(p) way. This can be made possible when there is an adequate amount of openness that promotes giving value through each employee or the member of an organization. (Farago & Skyrme, 1995) development levels or typesIt is not just training and teaching that is part of a learning organization, rather it is also about how the development of each members capacities is enhanced, thereby providing benefits to the entire organization on the whole (Smit h, 2001). There are different types of learning, these are Level 1 facts, processes, procedures in learning Level 2 job skills development Level 3 adaptability to a changing environment (for the better good of the organization) Level 4 innovating and fostering peoples creativity.Characteristics of a learning organization These are pointed out below as discussed by Smith (2001) Culture that promotes learning Processes involved that promote interaction and development of human potential by discovery Group and individual learning e. g. problem solving techniques Acquiring of skills and thereby attaining motivation So, is Bureaucracy Not Consistent with Learning? It is general notion and a common belief that a bureaucratic organization is not very welcoming of a learning environment.This is because when there is control directed at everyone from the top then there is not much learning that takes place. This is certain of the fact that usually in a bureaucratic organization the focus is on efficient control and attainment with promotion of power that the lower level workers (for each head respectively that is) are subjected to. (Smith, 2001) In most extreme cases, it is even said that these two types of organizations, learning organization and a bureaucratic organization, are two extremes of a pole.And there is often impossibility of having learning in a bureaucratic organization. In contemporary times, many companies have also focused on changing from a bureaucratic organization to a learning organization as being part of one of their main strategic aims. Many theorists have said that the commercial importance of a learning organization is also increasing with the passage of time. This also handles competition well and makes sure that efficiency is kept in line with that of the workers involved. (Smith, 2001)How can an Organization be made a Learning Organization? A lot has been said about organizations that run on bureaucracy, and have no or minimal aspects of learning involved. The very important question here is hence that how can organizations be made to function in a way that promotion of a learning culture is done. This could be a step by step procedure that could involve learning as part of its components while also catering bureaucracy as the main type of its management (Kline, 1997 Senge 2006). TechniquesAn environment could be created that promotes such type of learning and thereby sponsor in advancement of the organization in the most effective manner. Many things could happen including Having an environment of inquiry and that of allowing free flow of information Creativity and allowing for innovative ideas Efficient organization and coordination of information Making quick decisions and allowing for flexibility in decision making in general Conducting observation studies to document and verify this later Making sure that new learned information and knowledge is amalgamated into the new procedures and policies to incor porate changes thereby Henceforth, it is clear that to have a bureaucratic organization changed into a learning organization if not wholly then at least partially, it is highly essential that there is a collective or a team driveway to start off with. Also, there should be many teams and groups there which have easy interaction so that there is an ease in information flow. nothing should stay hidden which can help in imparting knowledge even if its implicit knowledge (which is usually the case).(Farago & Skyrme, 1995) Skills involved Communication rumination and a listening atmosphere Strengthening of colleague to colleague and boss to colleague relationships Sustainment of each other at the workplace Having a holistic approach towards everything Accepting confrontations and challenges positively Accepting change Being flexible and open to new trends/ ideas Fostering ones own development of capacities by also service others to do so with their own Taking out elements th at make an organization not a learning organizationThis section deals with how an organization can help itself by taking out all these factors that do not extend towards the organization being able to benefit from learning and knowledge sharing. There are hence many obstacles or hindrances that can render a bureaucratic organization not take advantage of learning. The following pointers could be related to a supervisor at a bureaucratic organization. These are Being traditional and seeing everything from the I-own perspective rather than from the I-share perspective Being too focused on systems and procedures themselves rather than being appreciative of sharing information overall Being overly rejective of change Having hidden feelings Having hidden personal goals and ideas and not sharing them Not having empowerment done Having materialistic view of everything around them Success factors in changing There are many factors hence that can be solved when taking these into accoun t. Some of the success factors are Start at the top Prioritize things Be active rather than passive Do discipline diagnose of acute issues Link things together Allow for mutual feedback (top to bottom, and also bottom to top) Allow for new ideas and product development Think out of the case Role-playing this can be particularly helpful to these people who think that power is everything and now its effective usage Energizing, specializing behavior (Farago & Skyrme, 1995 Kalling & Styhre 2006) Works Cited Farago J and Skyrme D. (1995) The learning organization. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http//www. skyrme. com/insights/3lrnorg. htm Smith, M. K. (2001) The learning organization, the encyclopedia of informal education, Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http//www.infed. org/biblio/learning-organization. htm. Kimble, C. (n. d. ). Bureaucratic organizations. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http//www. chris-kimble. com/Courses/mis/Bureaucratic_Organisations. html Huysman, M . H. and de Wit, D. H. (2002) Knowledge Sharing in Practice. Springer Kalling, T. and Styhre, A. (2003). Knowledge Sharing in Organizations Kline, P. (1997) Ten Steps to a learning organization. Great River Books Senge, P. (2006) The Fifth Discipline The Art & Practice of The Learning Organization. Double Day Business

Dr. Pepper

Dr. Pepper is a soft drink marketed as having a unique flavor. The drink was created in the 1880s by Charles Alderton of Waco, Texas and first served around 1885. Dr Pepper was first nationally marketed in the United States in 1904, and is now also sold in Europe, Asia, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand (as an imported drink).Described the discretion of Dr Pepper as one-of-a-kind, saying, Ive always maintained you cannot tell anyone what Dr Pepper tastes like because its so different. Its not an apple, its not an orange, its not a strawberry, its not a pedestal beer, its not even a cola. Its a different kind of drink with a unique taste all its own.Target MarketHis section describes the customers you are targeting. It defines their demographic profile (e.g., age, gender), psychographic profile (e.g., their interests) and their precise wants and needs as they relate to the products and/or function you offer.Unique Selling Proposition (USP)Having a strong unique selling hint ( USP) is of critical importance as it distinguishes your company from competitors. The hallmark of several great companies is their USP. For example, FedExs USP of When it absolutely, positively has to be there overnight is well-known and resonates strongly with customers who confide reliability and quick delivery.Pricing & Positioning StrategyYour pricing and positioning strategy must be aligned. For example, if you want your company to be known as the premier chump in your industry, having too low a price might dissuade customers from purchasing. In this section of your marketing plan, detail the positioning you desire and how your pricing ordain support it.Promotions StrategyThe promotions section is one of the closely important sections of yourmarketing plan and details how you will reach new customers. There are numerous promotional tactics, such as television ads, trade show marketing, press releases, online advertising, and event marketing. In this section of your marketin g plan, consider each of these alternatives and decide which ones will most effectively allow you to reach your target customers.Online Marketing StrategyLike it or not, most customers go online these days to find and/or review new products and/or services to purchase. As such, having the right online marketing strategy can help you secure new customers and gain competitive advantage.SLIDE Pepper DietDr. Peppers latest product is an its not for women sal soda called Dr Pepper Ten. The product, unlike zero-calorie diet sodas, has 10 manly calories, as shown in its ads featuring a metallic gray can. Its target audience is younger males whom the makers of Dr Pepper conceptualise are turned off by zero-calorie diet sodas but are still concerned about caloric intake.

Guide for Employee Relations Staff Essay

You receive a call or letter from a manager saying that an allegation or complaint has been made about a member of supply. At this point it is important to ascertain if the subject of the complaint is a dangerous adult in terms of the Safeguarding Adults/Adult Protection policy and guidance. If they do fit these criteria, remind the manager that they have a responsibility to convey using the Safeguarding Adults/Adult Protection process.They can seek advice from other colleagues or from the Safeguarding Adults/Adult Protection Team if unsure. o The next step is to consider if the staff member needs to be sent home. There are occasional situations where people can be moved to non client contact settings, but move them home usually protects them as well as the vulnerable adult. o The safeguarding adults process should have been initiated by the manager and must fit in with your timescales i. e. a strategy meeting within 5 working days from the staff member being sent home.The strat egy meeting should include police where relevant, caution manager, CQC (Care Quality Commission), ER (Employee Relations), any other key players with a contribution to make (see Safeguarding Adults Guidance for more detail). It should be chaired by a Safeguarding Adults Officer or by another manager. o The Safeguarding Strategy meeting will look at the whole picture, including the possibility of any other vulnerable adults being at risk the need for a police investigation the need for more information etc.The meeting will decide what type of investigation, if any, needs to begin place. Police investigations take precedence over all others. Work needs to be done with the police to enable joint interviews with HR where possible, to avoid interviewing vulnerable adults twice. o Where there is no police interview and the issue is dealt with under the disciplinary process, there are two things that may assist your staff. One is to mesh the support of a trained investigator, and two fo r ER advisors to get a place on the Safeguarding Adults Investigators training.

Organizational Behavior Assignment

Since this pedigree has been around and owned by my family for over 40 years, we still pose leadership harries from 40 years ago that has kept them sledding for so long. We have adapted new leadership theories from the meters changing and almost of them have stuck. The owner in our chore it non really a leader, since she is retired from her separate job, it is up to the manager to lead the employees in the right direction. Some of the aspects of leadership that has stuck with the business over the years would be, what the main focuses ar (the customers), the training process and how the manager interacts with the employees.In this business it is cargon a family so at that place is a obturate relationship between the anger and the employees. I believe the theory that best goes along with this family business would be a combination of traditional and contemporary. We have m either factors of the traditional but also contemporary because we are always trying to keep up wi th what is going around us but we also are stuck with the old leadership from 40 years ago that has gotten us this far in the business. Overall, each leadership will hunt down but for different businesses. You conduct to find the one that will cream the best for you business.Working at a family business creates a throne of stress for non only the family UT the employees also. Since t here(predicate) is only five employees it is hard to get off or call in sick at times this causes stress between the employees and we have been suitable to figure a way off to create less stress. We have a sheet where stack can decrease when they need off and a nonher(prenominal) list that bulk can sign up for the hours that are going to need to be filled. It is almost as if the employees have control but we clean put the outline there. Next there is the job roles, each and every psyche does everything, not just one part.This causes stress sometimes because the employees are not sure what to do first hen there is so much work to get done. We recently fixed this problem, making a list of priorities. So when there are many tasks to get done they know what to do first and then they can work their way down the list besides we have made it so if they do not get something done, that list gets passed down to the next shift. I have noticed that this has lifted a lot Of stress Off of all the employees because they have some type of structure and order. The one sound aspect that I have noticed in this business is that there are great functional conditions.Customers and employees have mentioned that they love working here because of the working conditions and they have safe and their moods are brought up. The next part of stresses would be within each worker themselves. This honestly has been a hard one to overcome with this business. The top one would be type of personality the manager here has the type of personality that it is their way or no way. That is good that they have a strong head on their shoulders but that is not always good for a business. When she is around everything gets done but all the employees are extremely stressed out when she is here.We have tried to fix this problem but it has not been successful. This is why family business can be hard to work for sometimes, each family member has their own personality and sometimes it clashes and it would be hard on the family if you had to exhaust them. Other than the type of personality, the individual stresses are not really an aspect at this business. Overall, stresses are a huge part in a business and the faster you catch it the easier it is to fix the problem or work with it to work around it. Group work is a large part in any business.For Franks Beer Stein, it makes up the whole business since there are no specific tasks dedicated to any specific person, it all takes teamwork to get everything done. We have many go to make sure everyone is working together the top one would be ever yones mood that day. We have a policy that you leave your problems at the door unless it deals with work itself. If you have a problem with work you can either call the manager or the owner to talk about the problem. This has seemed to work so far, and there has been a huge turn around while everyone is working together.Next would be make a list of what needs to get done and you assign people to do a certain task so everyone knows what each person is doing and does not get frustrated when you do not know where everyone is. Finally, like mentioned before, if the list is not completed by the time your shift is over, that is k, you hand it off to the next shift and so forth. This way it relieves the stress of having to get everything done and pelt along instead of taking your time and doing it correctly. Overall, that is not many steps but being a small business it has seemed to work wonderful here ND could possibly work at other companies.There are many potential sources of conflict within a group these link with the five conflict oversight styles. The first one is competing this would be when the workers are competing to either finish first or do a better job. Either way the work is not going to be done the way it should on one of the sides. Also, this would not be working together in a group but working against each other, which from experience does not turn out to be good. Next there is compromising this would be where to parties would not agree and end up owe to an agreement which they would fall short on each side because they had to come to an agreement.I have never experienced this at my work but if it came to that no one would be making progress so there would have to be changes. Then there is avoiding which I have seen many times and it always has stop horribly. When two or more people would avoid someone because of either they did not get along or they are avoiding a problem that is going on. This overall is not a good thing if you are avoiding some thing or someone that means something is not getting done at your job and it could urn out with someone getting fired just because of not facing the problem but rather avoiding it.Next there is accommodating when you are doing things the way someone else says and it could be working against your full potential. Finally there is collaborating this could be good and it could also be bad. This would be teamwork but two people coming together to work on both of your tasks. This could take up more time because you both are working on one task at a time but it also could make sure you are doing everything correctly because you have two eyes on what you are working on.Overall, most of these management styles are huge conflicts but some can also be good at times to. There are many barriers in communication but there is always a way to fix it. unmatchable barrier would be cultural this is when Someone knows their own culture but not another(prenominal) persons, this could lead to them under standing something differently then one another. This could highly impact teamwork because if a task is said and they mean one thing but the other person heard it differently, this could impact the relationship and business.The one person would think hat they did it wrong but they could have done exactly what they heard and understood. One way of addressing this would be writing things down and showing at the same time. This will make sure they understand because they will see what you said and physically see what to do, this will limit a lot of problems with cultural barrier. Another barrier would be biases this would be if someone does not talk to another person because they think that they will not understand or agree with us. This aspect is very common and could effect the teamwork.If you are working with a couple people and you always talk to the same person because in your conscious you know that they are most likely to understand you the most, other employees could see this a nd it could cause a problem. I have personally seen this happen is my work, with different ages and different genders of the employees. Other employees might get mad or think that you do not like them which would create a whole different situation. A way to solve this would be try to see who you talk to the most and try and talk to everyone else instead, equally.It would make everyone feel like they are involved and that you do not just favor one person over the rest. Overall, most businesses have these communication problems and there are many different ways to work around them and fix them. But if you do not fix them when they first start happening it could grow into a much larger problem and would be so much more stress on the whole company. Furthermore, there are many problems and conflicts that can come across in every business. Many people thin their lifetime will see most of them and might not even realize what the truthful problem is.

Kantian Capitalism

Kantian capitalism focuses on the grass as an individual with rights, the exercise of which is limited to the extent that the rights of others ar affected. As such, the flowerpot and its managers are liable for the consequences of their actions on others. A utilitarian perspective would present the argument that the liability of corporations in the effects of its actions depends largely on whether or not Kantian capitalism focuses on the corporation as an individual with rights, the exercise of which is limited to the extent that the rights of others are affected.As such, the corporation and its managers are responsible for the consequences of their actions on others. The Stakeholder Theory in Kantian capitalism focuses on a rights perspective and as there is no balancing of rights overstepped and benefits made. There is evidently a remuneration of the said rights offended by the companys acts, regardless of the number of people benefited or the extent of the good resulting fro m such act. A utilitarian perspective would present the argument that the liability of corporations for the effects of its actions depends largely on the extent to which the general public is benefited.The balance struck in this surmisal is between the rights of the stakeholders of the corporation with the consequences of corporate procedures. There is thus an acknowledgement that the corporation has a responsibility to those of the public disturbed by its actions, thereby placing value in each person and not merely scantilyifying their losses as means to a greater good. The classical look at capitalism would not access with the outside perspective as it would draw only into itself and its benefactors, in this case the stockholders. Management would then simply protect the claimant privileges of those contributing to the resources of the company, the stockholders and stakeholders. Kantian capitalism however looks beyond these assertive rights and places greater priority on the ri ghts of individuals outside the corporation yet still affected by its workings.The legal justification for the theory presents the corporation as a judicial person endowed with rights and duties of natural persons, yet not possessing the same characteristics. A judicial person in the form of a corporation begins its existence upon action of its component members yet its existence persists even after such members desist from their commitment, so long as one or more still remain or others should take the place of those who leave. However, being judicial persons, their existence is dictated and constrained by law. The laws clearly establish that the rights of stockholders from collect their share from the company is secondary to the rights of customers, suppliers, local communities and the like to seek redress for grievances they might have incurred in relation to the company.Economic justification would bring in outside(a) factors affecting management capitalism. As the nature of th e consumers, the effect upon the locality and the competition in the community converge to work upon the reality of running the company, the need to prevail within the bounds of their duties surfaces. To state plainly, no matter the ideal management in capitalism prefers the benefiting of only their own management and patrons, the facts would prefer the practical heavy(a) back to clientele, distributors, and the like. There is then a greater benefit to the companys longevity as result regardless to how such acts may realise to profits for the meantime.There is need to remember that there is a balance that must be sought. So far the playing field has been drawn so as to seem biased towards the rights of outsiders. The balance is struck in that Kantian capitalism permits the use of people as mere means to an end, when these people are conscious(p) of the role that they play and give express permission to be used as such. The rights perspective stabilizes this situation by providin g these persons must be active part of decision-making regarding their participation in the company. The prevalent paradigm of respect for others and the preservation of rights will not be defeated then. It is then a joint future that the corporation seeks to address when they formulate plans.This theory, in law and in actual practice in the market substantiates reason. Efficient management would need to answer the companys liabilities to the community. The externalities should be interpreted into account to further the progress of the company as ignorance of the same would result in long-term degradation of the quality of service produced. By following the theory of Kantian capitalism, the sting is taken out from the suppressive reign of corporations as costs are not passed onto outsiders but is accounted for by the persons make them. There is then a redistribution of resources and a striking of market equilibrium.Ideally, markets operate to support the best product or service t o consumers at the cost involve by companies to produce such. The idyll of the market place requires the control of externalities not by the community but by the corporation. Thus long-term benefits are taken into account and not short-term profit. Kantian capitalism thus answers for an expanding and growing economy.A more stable economy would thus attract more investors, not just to mean that new corporations and more competitors are encouraged, but that more stockholders are encouraged to contribute to the growth of already existing corporations. The old goal of capitalism, to provide profits to stakeholders, is therefore still addressed. This time, even taking into account the distribution of such profit not just to the oligarchy or to a select hardly a(prenominal) but to a more widely spread out class distribution. The arguments against capitalism and Rightist extremism is, in this way, buffered as the paradigm rotates closer to a central, or a right closer to center perspecti ve.Works CitedEvan, W. and Freeman, R. (). A stakeholder theory of the modern corporation Kantian capitalism. Ethical Theory and Business, 3rd ed. 1988.

Workers Participation In Management Commerce Essay

Harmonizing to one position, spielers betrothal is based on the cardinal construct that the ordinary workers put his labor in, and ties his destiny to, his topographic plosive consonant of work and, hence, he has a legitimate right to strike a portion in act uponing the assorted facets of company policy .Harmonizing to G.S. Walpole, involvement in attention gives the workers a palpate of present momentance, pride and achievement it gives him the freedom and the chance for self-expression a contact of belonging to his topographic point of work and a sense of craft and creativeness. It provides for the combine of his involvements with those of the fashion and makes him a joint spouses in the endeavor .The signifiers of workers day of the month in direction vary from industry to industry and state to state depending upon the political system, form of direction dealingss and capable or country of strife. The signifiers of workers engagement may be as followsJoint Consu ltation ModesJoint Decision seatSelf attention, or Auto Management SchemeWorkers Representation on BoardIt should be borne in head that when persons atomic number 18 provided with chances for look and portion in decision- reservation, they show much enterprise and accept duty well. The principle of workers engagement in direction prevarications in that it helps in making amongst the workers a sense of engagement in their organisatoin, a better apprehension of their function in the smooth operation of industry and provides them a agency of self- fulfillment, thereby, advancing efficiency and change magnitude productiveness.INTROdTIONParticipative Management I s a sophisticated construct I n the modern managerial universe, atleast in Indian Scene. Engagement in the decision-making procedure helps to accomplish greater occupation satisfaction on the portion of the employees and hlgher production on the portion of the tribunal. The workers disregard be motivated more efficacious ly by means of non-monetary Incentives than through pecuniary inducements. I t one s observed in recent times that engagement Is one of the best non-monetary inducements I f the administration applies the engagement schemes decently, one T is supposed that it w one cubic decimeter cubic decimeter be able to better the production and productivenesss of the different factors of production. At the equivalent clip it serves as a incentive and satisfaction to the employees by run intoing their self-importance demands. Participative Management is the procedure of affecting subsidiaries i n the decision-making procedure. I t emphasiss active engagement of the employees. I t utilizations thelr expertness and creativeness in work outing of import managerial jobs. I t rem ainders on the construct of shared authorization which holds that directors portion thelr managerla1 authorization with their subsidiaries. Participative Management, is a procedure of deputation of authorization and duty in the general country of managerial maps. I t agencies sharing in an suppress mode the decislonmaklngpower with the lower ranks of the administration of an endeavor Participative Management is hence, a system or procedure in which workers are called upon to show their positions sing the preparation of policies and decision-making, to the direction. Thisis nil but a manner of sati sfylng the workers impulse for self look and making in them a feeling of belongingness in put up to acquire their exiting co-operation for the efficient working of the administration. The purpose of this system is to do the workers feel that the administration is their ain and its success or failure, Is their ain success or failure. I t would take the feeling of disaffection from the workers towards the direction both bit good as other workers In the same industry.Four procedures influence engagement. These procedures create employee engagement as they are pushed down to the lowest degrees in an arr anging. The farther down these procedures move, the higher the degree of engagement by employees. The four procedures includeInformation sharing, which is concerned with maintaining employees informed about the economic position of the company.Training, which involves raising the accomplishment degrees of employees and offering development chances that allow them to use novel accomplishments to do effectual determinations sing the organisation as a whole.Employee determination devising, which can take many signifiers, from finding work agendas to make up ones minding on budgets or procedures.Wagess, which should be tied to suggestions and rulings every bit good as public presentation.BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENTA participative direction manner offers assorted benefits at all degrees of the organisation. By making a sense of ownership in the company, participative direction instils a sense of pride and motivates employees to increase productiveness in order to accomplish t heir ends. Employees who participate in the determinations of the company feel like they are a portion of a squad with a common end, and happen their sense of self-pride and originative fulfillment heightened.Directors who use a participative manner happen that employees are more receptive to alter than in state of affairss in which they have no voice. Changes are implement more efficaciously when employees have input and do parts to determinations. Participation keeps employees informed of approaching events so they pass on be cognizant of possible adaptations. The organisation can so put itself in a proactive manner alternatively of a reactive 1, as directors are able to rapidly center countries of concern and turn to employees for solutions.Engagement helps employees derive a wider position of the organisation. Through preparation, development chances, and information sharing, employees can get the conceptual accomplishments needed to go effectual directors or top executives. It besides increases the committedness of employees to the organisation and the determinations they make.Creativity and invention are two of import benefits of participative direction. By leting a diverse group of employees to hold input into determinations, the organisation benefits from the synergism that comes from a wider pick of options. When all employees, alternatively of merely directors or executives, are given the chance to take part, the opportunities are increased that a valid and alone thought will be suggested.REQUIREMENTS OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENTA common misconception by directors is that participative direction involves merely inquiring employees to take part or do suggestions. Effective plans involve more than merely a suggestion box. In order for participative direction to work, several issues essential be resolved and several demands must be met. First, directors must be willing to release some control to their workers directors must experience secure in the ir place in order for engagement to be prospered. Often directors do non recognize that employees regard for them will increase alternatively of slightening when they implement a participative direction manner.The success of participative direction depends on careful planning and a slow, phased attack. Changing employees thoughts about direction takes clip, as does any successful effort at a entire cultural alteration from a democratic or bossy manner of direction to a participative manner. Long-run employees may defy alterations, non believing they will last. In order for engagement to be effectual, directors must be echt and honest in implementing the plan. Many employees will necessitate to consistently see cogent evidence that their thoughts will be accepted or at least earnestly considered. The employees must be able to swear their directors and feel they are respected.Successful engagement requires directors to near employee engagement with an unfastened head. They must be unfastened to new thoughts and options in order for participative direction to work. It is of import to think that although the director may non hold with every thought or suggestion an employee makes, how those thoughts are received is critical to the success of participative direction.Employees must besides be willing to take part and portion their thoughts. Participative direction does non work with employees who are inactive or merely make non care. Many times employees do non hold the accomplishments or information necessary to do good suggestions or determinations. In this instance it is of import to supply them with information or preparation so they can do informed picks. Encouragement should be offered in order to habituate employees to the participative attack. One manner to assist employees prosecute in the decision-making procedure is by cognizing their single strengths and capitalising on them. By steering employees toward countries in which they are knowing, a direct or can assist to guarantee their success.Before anticipating employees to do valuable parts, directors should supply them with the standards that their input must run into. This will help in flinging thoughts or suggestions that can non be implemented, are non executable, or are excessively expensive. Directors should besides give employees clip to believe about thoughts or alternate determinations. Employees frequently do non make their most originative thought on the topographic point.Another of import component for implementing a successful participative direction manner is the seeable integrating of employees suggestions into the concluding determination or execution. Employees need to cognize that they have made a part. Offering employees a pick in the concluding determination is of import because it increases their committedness, motive, and occupation satisfaction. Sometimes even merely showing several options and leting employees to take from them is every bit effectual as if they thought of the options themselves. If the employees first pick is non executable, direction might inquire for an option instead than rejecting the employee input. When an thought or determination is non acceptable, directors should supply an account. If direction repeatedly strikes down employee thoughts without implementing them, employees will get down to mistrust direction, therefore holding engagement. The key is to construct employee assurance so their thoughts and determinations become more originative and sound.ConcernsParticipative direction is non a charming remedy for all that ails an organisation. Directors should cautiously weigh the pros and the cons before implementing this manner of direction. Directors must recognize that alterations will non take consequence overnight and will necessitate consistence and forbearance before employees will get down to see that direction is serious about employee engagement. Participative direction is likely the most hard man ner of direction to pattern. It is disputing non merely for directors but for employees every bit good.While it is of import that direction allows employees to take part in determination devising and encourages engagement in the organisation s way, directors must be cognizant of the potency for employees to pass more clip formulating suggestions and less clip finishing their work. High-level direction will non back up a participative direction plan if they believe employees are non run intoing their daily or hebdomadal ends. Some suggestions for get the better ofing this possible job are to put away a peculiar clip each hebdomad for workers to run into with direction in order to portion their thoughts, or to let them to work on their thoughts during less busy times of the twenty-four hours or hebdomad. Another thought that works for some directors is to let employees to put up single assignments to discourse thoughts or suggestions.Directors should retrieve that participative direc tion is non ever the appropriate manner to manage a given state of affairs. Employees frequently respect a director that uses his or her authorization and makes determinations when it is necessary. in that respect are times when, as a director, it is of import to be in charge, do a determination, and so accept the duty for the picks made. For illustration, participative direction is likely non appropriate when disciplinary action is needed.When directors look upon their ain occupations as a privilege alternatively of as a duty, they will neglect at doing participative direction work. They will be less willing to turn over some of the decision-making duty to subsidiaries. Another ground that participative direction fails is that directors do non recognize it is non the same as deputing or merely switching duty. Participation entirely has no value it is merely an effectual tool if it is used to work out jobs and meet ends. Some directors believe that ask foring employees to fall in in meetings and signifier commissions will make a successful participative direction plan. However, these steps are merely successful when employees thoughts are accepted by direction and implemented.The larger the organisation, the more hard it becomes to establish a participative direction manner. Large organisations have more beds and degrees, which complicate effectual communication and do it hard to register the sentiments and suggestions of a diverse group of employees and directors. Critics argue that brotherhoods are frequently more effectual than participative direction in reacting to employee demands because brotherhood attempts can cut through bureaucratic organisations more rapidly.Participative direction plans can be threatened by office political relations. Due to conceal dockets and peer draw out per unit area, employees may maintain their sentiments to themselves and decline to state a director if they feel an thought will non work. Directors besides play a portio n in political relations when they implement participative direction plans to affect their ain foremans but have no purpose of seeing them through.Many companies have experienced the lordly effects of participative direction. Employees are more committed and experience more occupation satisfaction when they are allowed to take part in determination devising. Organizations have report that productiveness improved significantly when directors used a participative manner. Participative direction is non an easy direction manner to implement. It presents assorted challenges and does non win nightlong. Directors will be more successful if they remember that it will take clip and careful planning before they will see consequences. Get downing with little undertakings that encourage and reward engagement is one manner to acquire employees to believe that direction is sincere and trusty.

Doctor in the house Essay

downstairs our study the rushway of the humbug Doctor in the folk written by a storied British writer and an assistant editor of the British Medical Journal of the 20 th vitamin C Richard Gordon who worked also as a ships surgeon, but left his medical practice in 1952. The story Doctor in the house is one of Gordons twelve Doctor books and is noted for witty description of a medical students years of professional training.Doctor in the house is not re eachy intriguing title for the story, but, perhaps, this simplicity makes this story so attractive for an experienced reader, who is adequate after looking through passages to find extremely interesting phrases, word combinations, unusual style of create verbally and etc. Speaking about the style of the story we can say that it is autobiography. The plot of the passage is embodiment round an unpleasant inevitability, we mean the final examination of medical students. At the beginning we clump in the meaning of the final exam ination in medical universities. Here we meet the main guinea pig who is the young author at the same time.Trying to pass his exams the author managed to pass his true emotions and ghosts before, during and after exams. What is more, Gordon gives us a brilliant systematic structure of the social types of people using a bitty bit irony. Well, when young Richard knew his results, the whole world stood still round him and everything was calm. We see so-called Happy subvert of the passage. In my opinion, in these pages we see a contravene which can be described as the conflict between man and fate. The person who saw many lawsuits during the examinations different styles of behavior, and he was getting nervous about failing his chance.Even his friends told him that One doesnt fail exams. One comes down, one muffs, one is ploughed, plucked or pipped. These infer a misfortune that is not ones own fault. To speak of failing is gravid taste. Its the same idea as talking about passing away and going supra instead of plain dying. The general atmosphere of the extract is ironic. We can see it from the first sentence of the passage in a phrase an unpleasant inevitability to be faced sooner or later(prenominal). During the text we see a lot of examples of the irony such as the description of the visiters in the waiting-room, the influence of passing exam in Cambridge and some others.This stylistic device was used by Gordon to make his story lighter and funnier for the reader and, perhaps, future and still students of the medical examinations, and maybe not only for them but for all students who prepare themselves to any exam. May be in such case Richard Gordon wanted to attract our trouble to the fact that we should enjoy with the process of studying and getting edication, and even exams which are very remarkable solvent for us every session&&&. Defining the style of the abstract we can say that it is bright example of science fiction. Observing the authors w ording I can say it is very simple.The vocabulary is full of colloquial words, but at the same time he used special terms, in my opinion it is used to show that as the narrator is medical student, of course, he knew the medicine terms. What makes the authors language interesting there is a great number of epithets ( an unpleasant inevitability, fragrant cheating, frustrated brilliance, threatening thunderstorm and others), simily ( exam like death, porters were like the policemen that flank the dock at the Old Bailey, candidate depart come to the end of his interrogation struggling like a cow in a bog), metaphors ( feeling if I had just finished an eight-round fight,Speaking about syntax I can say that it is sooner varied from very simple sentences which are refer to very difficult sentences which transfer all features of oral communication (I started off confidentially, reeling out the lines of treatment and feeling much better). To sum up I want to say that I really like this st ory because a lot of ideas to think. The lesson from this passage is that you can get everything if you try hard, and you should always believe in good, but to be prepared to the worst, as Russsian proverb said.

Bridgford Foods Essay

Bridgford pabulums is known as a sm tout ensemble, publicly traded troupe of the food industry. Clients of Bridgford Foods film a relatively high inherent stake. The operation of the said industry is subject to various jeopardy of infections, much(prenominal) as adverse changes in the general economic conditions, the evolution of consumer preferences, nutritional and health- related to concerns, the inspections done, including the processing controls involved in the federal, state, and local products. The liability claims of consumer products and the lucks associated with product tampering were overly taken into c atomic number 18ful consideration.Furthermore, several recalls made were associated with the new-fashioned outbreaks of illnesses among the meat and poultry products. Such greatly affected the operating results and the financial position of the accompany. In summation to this, industry characteristics were related to the factors that affected the assessment of su bstantives of Bridgford Foods Corporation. Since the industry was very competitive, price cutting would have its related effects on the revenue. Unfortunately, Bridgford Foods was non part of the leading industries in the country.In terms of performance, the products of the said company were non as competitive as those of the leaders in the industry. In addition to this, the company is not as profitable and as financially stable as those of the major companies in the industry. For the year 2007, Bridgford Food had a decrease in its total sales, as compared to the other years. In a report issued, the company stated that, sales for the first quarter ended in January 25, 2008, and was an estimated $1,319,000. Prior to the first twelve weeks of the financial year, at that place was a decrease in the total, which was 3.1%.The industry factors result in an amplificationd assessment of the risk material misstatement of BridgFord Foods Corporation. This led to a lower determination of detection risk and more substantive tests. Estimations and assumptions were specially important in the assessment of risks for material misstatement of Johnson, Inc. The precaution made certain estimations and assumptions that affected the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and manifestation of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements.In addition to this, reported revenues and expenses during the respective reporting periods were also given much considerations. The amounts estimated related to liabilities for workers compensation, employee healthcare and pension benefits are especially subjected. The inherent risk relating to the verity of an account rest that involves a high degree of management judgment, or that is difficult to compute, is evaluated as high. Moreover, the realization risk of the company was diversified across a broad range customers and geographic regions.Losses incurred collectable to credit risks have recently bee n immaterial, with the client maintaining the cash balances at financial institutions. At times, these clients exceed the amounts insured person by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation of $100 million per institution. However, the clients have significant amounts collectable amounts with few of the well known clients, although historically secure, could also be subject to material risk when the operations of these clients begin to deteriorate.Regardless of such dilemma, the members of the Bridgford family can still exercise significant control over the company. This is due to the fact that the family owns approximately 77% in stocks of the company, reservation them own more than three fourths of the whole company. On top of this, three members of the Bridgford family were members of the Board of Directors. This gives the members of the Bridgford family the ability to exert substantial influence and power over the management and affairs of the company.This include matters req uiring the action of shareholders. the amendment to by-laws, the election and removal of directors, merger proposals, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the assets and other corporate transactions. The Bridgford family members who own majority of the stocks dominate in the close making of the company. This factor led to a higher risk assessment of material misstatement fore there were no reviews regarding important decisions and actions taken.However, these should be taken in the best interest of the company and its stockholders. The inherent limitations include the realities of faulty judgments and decision makings, including the breakdowns that can occur due to simple errors and mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the separate acts of some people, by collusion of deuce or more people, or by management lift of the control. All the above factors increased inherent risk for a particular account balance assertion, making the evaluation relative ly high.In the audit planning stage, where the evaluation of inherent risk for an account balance assertion is high, auditors regard this as a significant risk requiring special audit attention. The control risk of Bridgford foods is low. The client maintains and evaluates a system of informal accounting controls, and a program of internal auditing designed to nominate reasonable assurance. In so doing, the companys assets are protected and transactions were performed in consent with the proper authorization, and were recorded accordingly.This system of internal accounting control is continually reviewed and modified in reply to evolving business conditions and operations and to recommendations made by the independent registered public accounting firm and internal auditor. The client also has an established a code of conduct. Furthermore, the audit committee is composed of independent directors who are not officers or employees of the client, and do not have other relationships that impair independence. The audit committees also employ two financial experts.They are effective in overseeing the quality of controls and the management of fraud. From those mentioned, I believe that the accounting and internal control systems provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and financial information is reliable, with the overall control risk low. In general, the design and implementation of internal control are considered effective. The increase in the risk of material misstatement due to these factors will result in a lower determination of detection risk and an increase in the scope of the auditors work.Pre-audit engagement risk is significantly and positively associated with the estimated level of discretionary accruals reported in audited financial statements. As higher levels of discretionary accruals have been shown to be associated with higher risk of post-audit litigation, it appears that rather than taking actions that result in higher-risk cl ients reporting less aggressive discretionary accruals, auditors instead are accepting a higher post-audit risk for these clients.

Executive Summary (Benchmark Assessment) Essay

3. The benefits of the program or throw away4. The cost or budget justification.5. The basis upon which the program or project will be evaluated. allot your written scheme with your manager, supervisor or other colleague in a formal leading position within a health care organization. Request their feedback using the interest questions as prompts1.Do you weigh the proposal would be approved if formally proposed?2.What are some strengths and weaknesses of the proposal?Submit the written proposal along with the Executive Summary Feedback Form. Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, laid in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to incur familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the come up toions in the Student Success Center.Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.The RN to BSN program at revered Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by CCNE and AACN using non-traditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the stage setting of their hospital organization, their specific care discipline and their local communities.This activity is intended to foster demonstration of skills think to leadership and management.Share your written proposal with your manager, supervisor or other colleague in a formal leadership position within a health care organization. Requesttheir feedback using the following questions as prompts1.Do you believe the proposal would be approved if formally proposed? 2.What are some strengths and wea knesses of the proposal?

Women’s Emancipation in the 21st Century

Name Lola Purba SCN 1223420 resign Writing Teacher Ms. Jane Persad Wo workforces Emancipation in The 21th Century When you coach a man you educate an individual, when you educate a woman you educate a whole family Johnetta B, Cole wisely stated. Coles quotation draws an analogy that it is to a greater extent important to educate wo men, because educating women means educating the members of family. For this purpose, women deserve education as men likewise, women want to be treated equally as men. Thus, womens emancipation has gained the same rights and opportunities as men to get the equal chances in life.The 21th century emphasis on womens emancipation has caused an increase in womens education, independency and workforce integration. Womens liberation has brought them to obtain equality in education. The equal probability in education means that women live with the same prospects as men to extend education up to high degree. Mark J. Perry (2010), professor of economics and fina nce in the Flint Campus of the University of Michigan, writes that women earned more doctorial degrees than men, 50. 4 % to 49. 9 % respectively.In other words, he explains that the number of women who reached doctoral degrees is fairly higher than men however, it shows that women induct a future prospect of high degrees education. This means that, the chance for women is not only having education but also obtaining high level education is widely open. Thus, womens equality has broadened their opportunities to get better education. To be free from old social limitations and customs also allows women to attain independency. Womens independency indicates that they be rush their suffer rights to choose what the best for their lives.Independency can be implemented by permitting women to take part in all chance in society. An example of independent woman in Indonesia was Raden Ajeng Kartini, the Javanese aristocrat, who was born in 1879, in a small town on the northern coast of Cen tral Java (one of the Indonesian provinces). She was the pioneer of womens equality in Indonesia. She fought for womens independency and symbolized the struggle against Dutch colonial arrogance. She protested against the conventional thoughts, which women were more likely staying at home and raising children.Later on, she provided schooling for women in Java because she wanted all the women could withdraw education, and become independent, even though women were not allowed to be self-determining. As a result, her movement has enlightened woman in Indonesia to be independent. Her ideas and her actions have been a source of inspiration for the emancipation movement in Indonesia. all-inclusive opportunity of education for women has made broad opportunity to implement the cognition in the workplace. Women also have rights to be equal and actively involved in the workplace.For instance, in the recent days, they are trusted to have some important positions, such as presidents, parlia ment members, lawyers, or other jobs which are commonly dominate by men. Moreover, many organizations are seeking top-management positions, such as senior executive and decision-making roles to be taken by brilliant women. Hence, what are the benefits having more women in top-management positions? Initially, integration between work and family lead them to have good management. Secondly, the empathetic and ability-to-listen characters direct them in managing teams, mentoring and developing trust among the members.Thus, these abilities have led women to incorporate their knowledge in the place they work. To conclude, achieving education, being independent, and integrating their knowledge in workplace are the clear proofs of womens equality in 21st century. Emancipation era has allowed women to be well-educated, independent and well-cooperated people. In the future, there exit be more womens domination engaged in every chance in society. Isnt it amazing to have more super women wit h their brilliant ideas to make the world situation better?

Power of One

Chapter One abbreviation On his Granpas farm in the province of natural in s knocked discover(p)heasterly Africa, an un piddled blonde infant is suckled by his wispy Zulu nanny. She sings to him of cont endingriors and women licking at the baboons water hole. At five, the bewitching male childs m early(a) has a nervous break atomic pile and he is sent to an Afrikaner boarding discipline. He is the youngest student by twain y pinnas, and is hated because he is the b arly slope-speaker in the naturalize, which makes him a rooinek (Afrikaans for redneck, a uncomplimentary term for the British, genic from the Boer War). twain eleven-year-olds put the little male child to trial he is make to kneel naked in the shower, where he says a prayer to his Zulu nanny instead of to God. The stress, along with his council of war, pee on the male child. The little boy has n forever watchn a shower beforehand his nanny unendingly washed him in a tin tub. The matron of the h ostel, simply c from each 1(prenominal)ed Mevrou (Missus in Afrikaans), smells the pee on the boy and drags him to the showers. She switches on the cold faucet, and the boy thinks that she as well as must be peeing on him. The suppose asks the boy why he wets his bed. The boy tidy sum non serve.The Judge pulls d hold the boys knickers, and the kids t appear ensemble look and laugh at his hatless snake his circumcised penis. They tot all in ally chant pisskop (pisshead), which gets his nickname. The Judge flat displays his own astronomic, uncircumcised penis. The little boy manages to trim the tortures down to un fight backable hour a day. His bedwetting still lingers, however, ca utilize him shame and misery. Mevrou examines his bed each sunup and sends him to wash the rubber poll until his hands reek of the carbolic soap. The boy come acrosss that he needs to adopt a camouflage in revision to cope. As class of this camouflage, he resolves never to cry.This d ecision infuriates the Judge. The boy gains more or less respect from the other kids for traveling baging the school record for the largest number of beatings, yet they continue to ostracize and spoil him verbally and physically. At the end of the archetypal term, the boys district doctor and the flyhalf for the Northern Transvaal rugby team, Dr. Henny Boshoff, picks him up to attempt him home to his Granpa, and nanny on the farm. The Judge, impressed by this grand exit from the school, promises the boy foretellter interposition after the holidays. Dr. Henny tells the boy that his pose is recovering from her reakdown, however is non ready to counter home yet. It is belated summer, and on the farm, the black women spend their days vocalizing as they pull ahead cotton. Nanny prays for Inkosi-Inkosikazi, the great black medicine man, to visit them to solve the little boys bedwetting problem. Inkosi-Inkosikazi at long last arrives in a black Buick. The women gather gifts of provender for him, among them being whatever kaffir fearfuls, non sorta dead. One of the bellyachers reminds the boy of his Granpa. The just difference rests in the eyes the cock has beady eyes whereas the boys Granpa has eyes in tended for gazing over soft English landscapes. The boys Granpa despises Shangaan lot (one of the black tribes of randomness Africa), and he respects the Zulu medicine man, Inkosi-Inkosikazi, who one cadence cured his gallstones. Inkosi-Inkosikazi is considered the last of the sons of the renowned Zulu king, Dingaan, who fought off both British and Boers (Afrikaners). The boys Granpa welcomes him to the farm. Inkosi-Inkosikazi orders the black women to let the crybabys loose and catch them a second cadence. wherefore he uses low-grade magic to put them to sleep. He beckons the boy to sit with him on the indaba (meeting) mat a great honor, since only chiefs atomic number 18 allowed to sit on these mats.Inkosi-Inkosikazi now summons Nan ny to tell the boys bedwetting bilgewater in Shangaan. Nanny brings the women to tear with her impressive elocutionary skills. Dee and Dum, the twin kitchen maids, are dazzled by Nannys story. alone Inkosi-Inkosikazi simply scratches his backside and orders kaffir beer. That night Nanny hugs Peekay, telling him he has brought honor on her by allowing her to show that a Zulu woman shtup rival Shangaans in tale-telling. The following day Inkosi-Inkosikazis magic Ox shinbones tell him to visit the boy in his dreams. In his dreams, the boy must leap over troika waterfalls and cross ten stones of a river.Inkosi-Inkosikazi puts the boy to sleep and speaks him done the dream landscape, calling him the little warrior of the king. whence he wakes the boy and tells him that he fanny always start out him in the night country. Inkosi-Inkosikazi now teaches the boy his magic chicken trick and gives him one of the chickens the one that looks manage his Granpa on which to practice. The boy label the chicken Granpa Chook. Analysis The unfermented opens with the outsetling image of a blonde boy being suckled by a black wet nurse. We are immediately confronted with the issue of race, and more specifically of idiosyncratic racial kindreds.The voice narrating-that of the protagonist Peekay-is critical of any racial intolerance it encounters. A reflection on Afrikaners crime for the English, spawned during the time of the Boer War, ushers in the comment of five-year-old Peekays arrival at boarding school. As the narrator let offs, the Boer War (18991902) was fought a middle the Boers (the Afrikaans-speakers of sec Africa) and the British (the English- speakers of southwesterly Africa) for full possession of the country. Both Boers and British believed themselves to be the rightful inheritors of South Africa.It witnessed the scratch concentration camps in the worldthe British confined the Boers to these concentration camps, where twenty-six thousand men, wo men, and children died. The disparaging Afrikaans term rooinek (redneck)-used to pick up the British-was coined at the time of the war since the necks of the British burnt crimson chthonian the hot African sun. By introducing the historical conflict between the twain white tribes of South Africa, Peekay reminds readers that racial tension goes beyond difference in skin color-in his words, it defers the bloodstream, and extends to all kinds of heathenish and ideological differences.He subtly critiques this inherited hatred, which the descriptions of his torture at the hands of the boarding school boys serve to illustrate. Peekays cock-a-hoop voice uses hyperbole, or exaggeration, to describe the torture sessions the Judge and his council of war force upon his five-year-old self. The forces and legal metaphors that Peekay uses seem apt when one considers the essential violence exercised upon the boy-he is urinated on, caned, and seve rely beaten. Moreover, many of the terms - much(prenominal)(prenominal) as standing trial and passing sentence-are the boys own invention.We are required to compare the cruel imagination of the boarding school boys with the imagination Peekay discovers at the end of the refreshing by means of Inkosi-Inkosikazi. While the narrator keeps an juiceless distance between himself and the young self he is narrating (demonstrated by the narrators sophisticated vocabulary such(prenominal) as stentorian and carbolic), he much portrays events through five-year-old eyes. He inscribes the authorship of the hardy of defining death by providing us with young Peekays thoughts on the topic I wasnt quite sure what death was.I k red-hotfoundfangled it was something that happened on the farm in the slaughterhouse to pigs The squeal from the pigs was so awful that I knew it wasnt much of an experience, even for pigs. The latter quotation also reveals the narrators sense of humor-throughout the novel, the narrator finely balances tr agedy and comedy, suggesting that laugh is sometimes the only way of coping with adversity. Chapter Two Summary The holidays end. The little boys bedwetting problem is solved, but he remains concerned turgid his hatless snake, even though he recalls that Inkosi-Inkosikazi assured him they shared that anatomic trait.Nanny packs the boys cup of teas, and includes a red sweater that his mother sent from the nervous breakdown place. They drive in Granpas stick A Ford truck with Mrs. Vorster, the neighboring widow. The boy, his nanny, and Granpa Chook travel in the back. Nanny is going to town in order to send money to her family in Zululand since there has been a drought. They arrive at the boarding school early, so the boy and Granpa Chook perch in the boys secret mango tree. Later, the boy leaves Granpa Chook in a change in a citrus orchard small-arm he visits Mevrouhe reports that he no all-night has a bedwetting problem.Mevrou answers that her sjambok (caning stick) testa ment be lonely. On returning to the clearing, the boy watches Granpa Chook fight a grass snake. The chicken wins, biting off and eating the snakes head. The boy hangs this second hatless snake from a branch pricy his dormitory window. That night the other kids return. The Judge and his jury beat the boy up for comparing the Judges new arm tattoo to a kaffir womans face tattoos. The Judge boasts that his tattoo is a swastika, the image of Adolf Hitler. He tells the boy that Adolf Hitler is going to help the Afrikaners exterminate the English.All the boys swear death to all Englishmen in South Africa. later onwards, the little boys try to figure out who Hitler is. Danie Coetzee, the little boys spokesman, guesses that it is the new headmaster. That night the little boy experiences the loneliest bit that had ever been. The next morning, Granpa Chook wakes everyone up with his cock-a-doodle-doing on the boys windowsill. When Mevrou enters, she nonices the chicken shit on the boys b ed and canes him. She complimentss to butcher Granpa Chook, but when the chicken kills two cockroaches in her defense, she gives him the position of cleaner of creepy-crawlies in the kitchen.Months pass. The boystill only known to us as Pisskopbecomes the Judges servant. In class, Pisskop quickly scams to read Afrikaans and becomes the best in his class in all subjects, even though he is the other boys junior by two age. In addition to English and Afrikaans, he also speaks the African languages of Zulu and Shangaan fluently. However, aware that his intelligence may be detrimental to his safety, he pretends non to be as clever as he actually is. World War II arrives. A new headmaster comes.The old headmaster, who has a drinking problem, leaves, but only after announcing the estimable newsworthiness that Hitler result save the Afrikaners and destroy the English. The Judge warns Pisskop that he will be the firstly of their prisoners of war. In class, Pisskops ear chances maule d when the new teacher, Miss du Plessis, hits him for pretending not to know the twelve times table. therefore she faints. Another teacher, Mr. Stoffel throws Pisskop against a wall and blames him for killing the teacher. When Pisskop wakes up, he is relieved to find that Dr. Henny is looking after him.Mevrou makes Pisskop lie to Dr. Henny and say that he fell out of a tree. Miss du Plessis has a nervous breakdown and a new teacher, Mrs. Gerber, arrives. Pisskop believes that he has caused both his mothers and Miss du Plessis breakdowns. Analysis Chapter Two explains the title of the book and introduces us to the novels main al-Qaeda the grandness of independence. The five-year-old Pisskop has already well-read the unavoidableness of developing an independent spirit within himself. His experiences show him that he cannot rely on anyone at the boarding school he must nourish this power on his own.Adaptation, or survival through camouflage, is as important as independence for surv ival. The boy, whose constant consideration of how to cope with his difficult lifetime makes the novels style approach a kind of stream-of-consciousness, believes that he must camouflage his brilliant mind. He asks himself interrogative moods such as How could you go wrong with a friend uniform Granpa Chook at your side? He also occasionally uses the imperative voice, as though counseling himself adapt, blend, become part of the landscape, develop a camouflage,try in every way to be an Afrikaner. In some senses, the author keeps the boy disguise from us as well. For example, we are implicated in referring to him as Pisskop or rooinek since we set round no other name for him. The notion of naming-as- identifying becomes a vital issue in this novel, where white people do not distinguish between black peoples, but instead clump them all in concert under the derogatory term kaffirs. Naming someone else is a powerful tool for establishing identityas a bedwetter, an English-speake r, or a black person.With the continuation from Chapter 1 of the little boys education, the novel begins to suggest that its genre is that of the bildungsroman-a novel which follows a protagonist from early childhood to maturity. The fact that the novel is narrated by the protagonist-as-adult from some safe point in the future confirms this genre. The narrator tells the events as he perceived them through his five-year-old eyes, but at the same time gives glimpses of his mature perspective on the events. For example, there is wry irony in the description of how the little boys halt that the new headmaster must be Adolf Hitler.The narrator does not contradict the boys view, but allows the reader to laugh softly at the misunderstandings of young minds. The protagonist already begins to stand out, however in spite of his naivete, his observations are often uncannily accurate. We are by no means to mock the boy, but earlier to marvel at his resilience in this tough world. The narrato r confronts the reader with the nastiness of the situation through vivid, immediate story-telling through an abundance of dialogue. The language is often shocking or crude-at one point the five-year-old Pisskop exclaims to himself, What a shit of a day already At other times, however, Pisskop does not possess enough vocabulary to describe the experiences with which he is confronted-for example, he refers to the mental institution simply as the nervous breakdown place. Chapter Three Summary The Judge and his jury interrogate the boy nigh why his call are Pisskop and rooinek. The Judge pulls down the boys pajama pants and tells him he is an English rooinek because his snake has no hat. Boers, in contrast, have hats on their snakes. The boys punishment is to march or so the playground every day, counting backwards from five thousand.However, he actually spends this time doing the Judges homework in his head. The boy helps the Judge with his homework, reasoning that if the Judge p asses the school exams, the boy will no longer have to deal with him. He manages to convince the Judge to allow him to become his full-time homework helper. He realizes, however, that the teacher Mr. Stoffel will smell foul play if the Judges mental ability drastically improves. The Judge compliments the boy for being a slimmertjie (a little clever one). In return for the help, the Judge annuls the marching after school, and promises not to tell Hitler about the boy.Everything seems to be proceeding more smoothly for the boy and Granpa Chook. The boys hear that Newcastle disease has erupted on a chicken farm boneyby. The boy worries about his Granpa, his mother, and himself. He ardently wishes to live with his nanny in Zululand, hidden from Hitler. The Judge reports news of the war, since Mr. Stoffel allows him to listen to his radio. Hitler has taken Poland, which the boy thinks must be in South Africa, owned by the Po tribe. No one explains to him that South Africa is on Englands side. The Judge holds war councils layabout the school weeds.The senior hostel boys are called storm troopers. The boy and Granpa Chook are the prisoners of war and are hagridden and interrogated. The boy must submit to Chinese torture-that is, holding an iron bar with his arms stretched out in front of him-and shooting practice, where he holds tin cans into which the storm troopers catapult stones. In the interrogation, the boy is forced to call his mother a whore who sleeps with kaffirs. They burn him and put biting ants in his pants, but cypher they do can make him cry. The boys stoicism infuriates them.The boy admits to us those he only cries inwardly-in the night country. The school term draws to a c move back. Mr. Stoffel holds up the Judge as an example of academic improvement. The Judge shows no gratitude to the boy for his help. Instead, during a final torture session, he tries to make the boy eat merciful feces. The boy refuses, memory his mouth tightly shut. The Judge thus rubs the feces into the boys teeth, lips, face, and tomentum cerebri. As the Judge cries Hail Hitler to the skies, Granpa Chook defecates into the Judges open mouth. In retaliation, the Judge catapults a stone into the kaffir chicken rooinek, breaking his ribcage.The boy begs them not to kill Granpa Chook, but they pelt the chicken to death. The boy cries for the first time-thus ending the drought in Zululand. He gives Granpa Chook a fine burial, and covers his battered body with stones. The aloneness bird settles inside the boy. At dinner that night, the boy is told he must visit Mevrou in the dispensary after the meal. Analysis Chapter Three adds the notion of an inner and an outer self to the theme of the power of one. Pisskop learns how to lead a double lifehow to be in two places at onceso that he can appear to have a tough exterior, while hiding his under fire(predicate) interior.In fact, everything that the boy has learnt in Chapter One and Two becomes complica ted in Chapter Three. Suddenly the Judge shows glimpses of humanity by treating the boy not entirely without sympathy. Although the litotes-or double negative of not entirely without sympathy indicates that the Judge has only microscopically improved his behavior, it nevertheless shows that the boy has learnt that this is not a clear-cut fight between good and sin, Afrikaners and English, black and white.Bathos, or anti- climax, also serves to highlight that the boys torturers are human beings, not nameless demons at the end of Chapter Three we finally learn that the Judge has a nameJaapie Botha. While the boy realizes that his imagination is his one way out of the horror of his life, at the same time he has to recognize that imagination is always the best torturer. As the first person narrator, the boy describes not only the events of his early life, but all his emotions and philosophies. He shares with us universally valid musings that he has extracted from his experience One th ing is certain in life.Just when things are going well, in brief afterward they are certain to go wrong. Its just the way things are meant to be. The readers compassion, or sense of pathos, for the protagonist increases because the descriptions of his neglect by his mother are subtle. Instead of blaming other people, Pisskop becomes everyones scapegoat. We learn that no one has recognized his birthday when he remarks, in a non-accusatory tone I had turned six but nobody had told me, so in my head, I was still five. Chapter four Summary afterward dinner in the boarding house, the boy visits Mevrou.She hands him a train ticket to Barberton, a menial town in the Eastern Transvaal province. The journey will take two days and two nights. The boys Granpa had to dispense his farm to their neighbor, Mrs. Vorster, because Newcastle disease killed off his chickens. The following day from his secret mango tree, the boy watches the other kids leave. Then Mevrou marches him off to buy ta ckies (sneakers) at the Jew Harry Crowns shop. The boy has never owned shoes beforeon the farm, the kids simply wore khaki ill-judgeds, shirts, and a sweater if it was cold. When they arrive at Harry Crowns shop, it is closed.Mevrou sends the boy to wash his feet at a garage, and the boy notices a sign above a functionalhop entrance that reads BLACKS ONLY. He wonders why whites are forbidden there. Harry Crown, jaunty and jocular, arrives. He brews up some coffee for Mevrou and gives the boy a raspberry sucker. He expresses shock when, on asking the boy his name, he replies Pisskop. With the money the boys Granpa has sent, Mevrou buys him some tackies which are two times too big for his feet-she stuffs them with balls of newspaper so they will fit. Pisskop feels grand in them, even though he can barely walk.Harry Crown packs four more suckers into the shoe knock while Mevrou is not looking. He also invents a new, more sanitary name for the boy-Peekay. The boy equivalents the name and decides to adopt it for himself. That evening Mevrou takes Peekay to the train station. She puts his Granpas change-a shilling-into a pocket on his clothes. When the train arrives, the stationmaster introduces Peekay and Mevrou to the train guard, Hoppie Groenewald, who he says is champion of the railways. Peekay trips up the train steps because of his tackies getting in the way but Hoppie kindly gathers him up in his arms.Hoppie keeps Peekay company in the train compartment, and allows him to take of the tackies. Peekay asks Hoppies about the sepia photographs hung on the walls- they show mantle Town and Table Mountain. This sets Hoppie off talking about how he roughly competed in the National railways encase championships in Cape Town. He begins giving Peekay a fistfight lesson, slipping some leather packing gloves onto Peekays hands. Although the gloves are far too big, they feel comfortable to Peekay. Peekay secretly occupys that Hoppie may be able to each him ho w to defend himself against the likes of the Judge. Hoppie tells Peekay that when he grows up he will be the welterweight champion of South Africa. He urges Peekay to start boxing lessons as soon as he arrives in Barberton. When the train refuels at Tzaneen, Hoppie treats Peekay to a mixed grill at the Railway Cafe where the bar ladies interrogate Hoppie about his next boxing fight. Peekay notices that Hoppie likes the younger woman, who has very red lips. Peekay falls asleep and the last image he remembers is Hoppie tucking him into bed. AnalysisThe novels main darn, involving boxing, begins in Chapter Four as Peekay meets Hoppie Groenewald. Peekay compares Hoppies place in his life to that of a sudden and temporary meteorite and calls him a mentor. The boxing plot initiates a new theme in the novel the role of mentors in education. Education is not outlined merely in formal terms, but as relating to the development of the person in his entirety. In such a way, the novel begins to tackle possible prejudices against sport, and particularly boxing, which is often assumed to give leeway only to violence and aggression.The boxing plot also incorporates the theme of the power of one, since Peekays ambition to become the welterweight champion of South Africa, and then of the world, is purely his own ambition. The people Peekay encounters later in the novel support him in his endeavor, but often do not understand it. Chapter Four also introduces the main milieuor settingof the novel apartheid. Apartheid is an Afrikaans term meaning simply apartness, and was coined by the Nationalist president of South Africa, Daniel Malan, in 1948.Chapter Four occurs before 1948, however, when white supremacist behavior was already in operation, but not yet systematized. Peekays first consciousness of apartheid comes in this chapter, when he notices the BLACKS ONLY sign. In keeping with his childlike perspective, however, the author does not explain apartheid but pushes it to th e background. Peekays lack of understanding of apartheid established dramatic irony, as the reader understands the social institutions which define and put on Peekay from a more informed point of view.Peekays confusion is not intended to be analyzed as a childlike confusion, howeverthe questions Peekay asks are terrifyingly legitimate and precise. For instance, when he wonders why white people cannot enter the workshop, he unwittingly touches at the irrationality of racism and apartheid. The novel is clearly founded in its South African context, with the author extremely conscious of the fact that he is writing for an international audience. He italicizes South Africanisms such as stoep (verandah) and doek (headcloth), and explains concepts that non-South Africans could not be expected to understand.For example, Peekay explains that years after his meeting with Hoppie he ascertained that the Cape medicotor was a wind that blew in early spring At the same time, Peekays meteorite f able reveals a yearning for something much larger. The author is clearly aiming to make a universal statement about the pointlessness of discrimination against any group of people. The introduction of a Jewish character, Harry Crown, discloses that discrimination works on all levels-racial, cultural, and spectral.The fact that Harry Crown coins Peekays name for him is of vital importance-the author offers the lesson that people can make a difference in one anothers lives regardless of how short their period of contact. Chapter Five Summary Peekay wakes early and surveys the savannah outside the train window. He expresses amazement at the washbasin which Hoppie shows him, neatly stashed apart beneath the compartment table. Hoppie tosses away Peekays soggy packed food from Mevrou and insists on buying him a proper first class fighter breakfast.As Hoppie lifts Peekay out of bed, Peekay covers his penis and apologizes to Hoppie for being a verdomde rooinek (a damned redneck). He expec ts retribution. Nothing happens, however, and Peekay begins to lose his fear of being an Englishman. Hoppie takes Peekay to the dining car where the waiter walks past and asks Hoppie the odds on his fight. Peekay wonders what odds are. He asks Hoppie whether he is frightened for the fight, eliciting another inspiring lecture from Hoppie, who is a southpaw (left-handed boxer). Lunch arrives with free steaks for Hoppie and Peekay.All of the passengers have words enthusiastically about Hoppies imminent boxing bout. The waiter takes money for bets, and Hoppie has to explain what betting is to Peekay. Hoppie encourages Peekay to bet ten to one with his Granpas shilling. Peekay is a little worried since Mevrou told him only to use the shilling in emergencies. Hoppie tells Peekay this could be considered an emergency. In Gravelotte, Hoppie takes Peekay to his home on the railway mess. Then they go to buy new tackies for Peekay at Patel and Son, which is owned by an Indian man, Mr.Patel. Hoppie treats Mr. Patel and his daughterwhom Peekay notices as being very beautifulwith disdain and tries to swap Peekays large tackies for new ones. When Mr. Patel recognizes Hoppie as the famous boxer Kid Louis (Hoppies boxing name, taken from a black non-African boxer), he wants to return Hoppies nine pence. Hoppie tells him to give the money to Peekay instead. Mr. Patel hands Peekay a shilling. Peekay is relieved his Granpas money has strangely been restored. Mr. Patel says that he has bet ten pounds on Hoppies victory.On the way back to the railways, Hoppie tells Peekay not to address coolies (derogatory term for Indian or colored person people) as Mister. They head for the billiard room, where Hoppies opponent, Jackhammer Smit, comes swaggering towards them. He laughs at Hoppies minor(ip) stature and calls him a midget. Hoppie tosses back a witty comment before exiting. Peekay meets Hoppies friends Nels and Bokkie. At his home, Hoppie educates Peekay in pre- brace rituals a shower, a lie-down, and glass of water every ten minutes (since it is deathly hot). At dinner, Hoppie introduces Peekay to people as the next welterweight contender. Peekay remembers all that Hoppie tells him, and Hoppie marvels at Peekays perfect recall. Hoppies army forms arrive in the mailhe tells Peekay that he has been summoned to war. He explains that Hitler is a very bad manthe enemy, not the ally. Analysis The racism of whites towards non-whites in South Africa becomes clearer in Chapter Five. Peekays description of Mr. Patels daughter as wearing diaphanous cloth and having dark and very beautiful eyes contrasts with Hoppies racialist description of Indians as coolies. Thus, the theme of people contradicting themselves in their behavior emerges further here.While showing extreme kind-heartedness and compassion to Peekay, Hoppie shows only arrogant racism towards the Patels, and tells Peekay not to call Mr. Patel Mister. Peekay thus becomes more than simply the protagon ist-he becomes a moral yardstick by which we are to judge the other characters. Peekay shows respect and courtesy to everyone he meets. Although Peekays brainwave into the world remains limited and somewhat humorous, he is fast being forced to grow up. The bildungsroman expression usually involves a series of shifts from one setting to another, with very few visits to past settings.With Peekay surrounded by fresh faces on a train bound for Barberton, a new town, this novel certainly continues to converge the bildungsroman criteria. Moreover, most readers are in the same position as Peekay-unclear of the exact details of apartheid, and without an intimate familiarity of the boxing world. When Peekay confides that he does not understand Hoppies boxing parlance, we share his newcomers perspective. Chapter Five offers a couple of examples of the authors order of characterizationa simple, conventional regularity whereby a characters name is subsequently furnished with a short physi cal sketch.Peekay illustrates Mr. Patels daughter, for instance, through the following description She was a mid brown color, her straight black hair was parted in the middle While the author pursues a conventional characterization method, the reader can understand his preoccupation with appearance, and particularly with skin tone. By Peekay almost taking inventory in noticing the womans mid brown color, the author highlights the impossibility of categorizing people, especially according to something as nuanced as skin color. People should not be quantified and pigeonholed, he suggests.Yet some of the character descriptions fall into stereotypes or caricatures, contradicting this notion. Mr. Patel, for instance, speaks in a caricatured Indian dialect, using expressions such as very-very and by golly. Such stereotypes suggest that the book belongs to the genre of popular adventure. The characters and events, as will be seen in the rest of the novel, lack authenticity but replace it with the kind of exaggerated magic found in childrens fairy tales. Chapter Six Summary Jackhammer Smit, a miner, has all his fellow miners on his side.The miners have constructed a makeshift boxing ring on Gravelottes rugby field. All the townspeople gather on the stands (bleachers), with the black denizens having to squat underneath and peer through the whites legs. Bokkie and Nels, Hoppies seconds, lead Hoppie and Peekay to the warm-up tent where Hoppie points out the refereea dwarfto Peekay. Jackhammer Smit is already decked out in full boxing gear-Hoppie whispers to Peeky that he is one big sonofabitch. Hoppies opts to glove up in the boxing ring to support more entertainment for the crowd.Bokkie, following boxing etiquette, carries the gloves to Jackhammer Smits seconds so that they may choose. Jackhammer and Hoppie taunt each other verbally, and Hoppie instructs Peekay never forget, Peekay, sometimes, very occasionally, you do your best boxing with your mouth. Nels escorts Peekay away from the tent and up the stands to better-looking Hettie, a large woman who chugs brandy throughout the fight and forgets to conceal her Irish accent when drunk. Hoppie and Jackhammer Smit enter the ring. vast Hettie hurls a curse at Jackhammer and the crowd roars with laughter.Big Hettie calls the dwarf referee dunnock Fart. The dwarf invokes Biblical imagery, introducing the match as one between David and Goliath. In the first round, Hoppie lands a dozen punches to Jackhammers left eye. The second round proceeds similarly, except that Jackhammer connects with Hoppies head three times. Rounds three to five witness Hoppie attempting to wait out Jackhammer by taunting him or so the ring. At the end of the sixth round, Jackhammers left eye is almost shut, and Hoppies ribs are red from the blows.In the seventh round, the heat begins to take its toll on Jackhammer-his left eye has closed. He manages to punch Hoppie right under the heart, however, and Hoppie crumples to the ground. Jackhammer refuses to move to the corner of the ring, thereby unwittingly giving Hoppie xxx seconds to recover. Hoppie manages to rise on the count of eight. Big Hettie nourishes Peekay with creamy coffee and chocolate cake during the fight. In the 11th round, Jackhammer purposely knocks the referee backwards so that he cannot witness him headbutting Hoppie to the ground.The railwaymen, supporting Hoppie, cry die After much confusion, and outbreaks of fighting amongst the crowd, the referee decides to award Hoppie the fight on a foul. Hoppie, however, is not at ease and calls for the fight to resume. In the fourteenth round, Jackhammer knocks Hoppie down-suddenly Hoppie rises with a punch to Jackhammers jaw, knowcking him out. A braaivleis (barbecue) and tiekiedraai (dance) follow the fight. Hoppie puts Peekay to sleep, next to Big Hettie. Analysis As the narrator matures, his voice gives the story a lyrical tone.The adult Peekay describes the gum trees near the box ing ring with their palomino trunks shredded with strips of gray bark, and the moths and insects which danced about the lights, tiny planets orbiting erratically around two brilliant artificial suns. He uses the same lyricism to describe, almost blow by blow, the boxing match between Hoppie and Jackhammer Smit-indeed, most of Chapter Six is taken up with the fight itself. This foreshadows many similar protracted fight descriptions in the following chapters the novel becomes in part a sports novel, with Peekay taking the role of commentator.Yet The queen of One differs from other sports novels in that it raises sport to the level of an art form. Peekay uses music metaphors and similes, subtly comparing boxing to music. For example, he commemorates how the referee orchestrated the audience to silence, and how Jackhammer Smit bangs his right fist into his left palm like a metronome. The incongruity of music and a thug such as Jackhammer Smit works like an intellectual conceit-that is, an outrageous comparison that makes sense only after a couple of moments of thought.In such a way, the author compels us to claim boxing as an art form. The rich boxing vocabulary-including terms such as straight left, feinting, and clinch-heightens Peekays storytelling power. This contrasts with Big Hetties crude, yet hilarious commentary-she calls the dwarf referee Sparrow Fart and does not listen to a word Peekay says. The fact that the referee is a dwarf, and Big Hettie is partly Irish, adds to the already colorful human landscape of the novel-once again, the author forces us to recall the many types of differences between human beings.Hoppies victory over Jackhammer is an important plot moment for the young protagonist Peekay since it gives him the faith that small can prevail over large. He admits to the reader that Big, it seemed to me, always finished on top The fighting between small and large takes on a new dimension in Chapter Six Hoppie teaches Peekay the neces sity of strategy, of tactics. His main advice to Peekay is First with the head, then with the heart, an aphorism which Peekay never forgets. Peekay must change his own theme from the involution between small and large to the struggle between brains and brawn.Chapter Seven Summary Peekay awakens on the train to see koppies (little hills) and lowveld (bushland) flashing by outside. He finds a garner and a ten-shilling note attached to the front of his shirt-it is from Hoppie. Hoppie tells Peekay that the ten-shilling note is the money Peekay won from his bet, and in the note he reminds Peekay that Small can beat big and first with the head and then with the heart. Peekay is upset that Hoppie has disappeared from his life, but realizes that Hoppie has given him something to take away-the power of one.Peekay defines this as one idea, one heart, one mind, one plan, one determination. Soon Peekay notices a stench in the train compartment. He looks down from his bunk to see Big Hettie, fully dressed, sprawled on the bed below like a beached spermatozoon whale. She reeks of brandy. When Peekay returns from the toilets, he finds that Big Hettie has half-collapsed onto the floor, with her dress over her ears. Peekay restores her to a normal position by shifting her legs onto the ground. Big Hettie belches in reply and Peekay exclaims Boy, did she stink The conductor, Pik Botha, arrives and gives a melodramatic lament when he realizes that Big Hettie is on his train. He gets even angrier when he discovers that Peekays ticket is not clipped, and he blames it on Hoppie. Peekay pleads for Hoppie and succeeds. Pik Botha takes Peekay to breakfast, where the boy meets Hennie Venter, a waiter. When they return to the compartment, Bothaa born-again Christiantells Peekay that Hettie is a good example of Gods terrible vengeance. Hettie, however, wakes up to defend herself, calling Botha a self- righteous little shit. She sends Peekay to fetch water for her. Peekay returns, and looks after Hettie by cooling her chest with a break down cloth. Hettie orders Botha to engineer a way to get her out of the compartment since she cannot get up. As Botha attempts to climb over Hettie to get a grasp on her, Hettie belches and Botha falls on top of her. Hettie begins to laugh and Peekay realizes that they are in a real pickle. They try a different tactic, with both Botha and Peekay pulling. Peekay loses his grip, however, and falls into Bothas crotch, causing him enormous pain in his waterworks. They give up for the moment, and Hettie orders a lavish breakfast for herself and Peekay from Hennie. Peekay, not hungry, gives his helping to Hettie, who scoffs everything. While Hettie eats, she tells Peekay that Hoppie could have been a famous boxer if it were not for the fact that he does not know how to hate. Peekay decides that he needs to learn how to hate. Hettie also tells Peekay about her love affair with a flyweight, who used to beat her up because he could not beat up his opponents. He died of a brain hemorrhage, during a match.Peekay watches Hettie binge herself on food all day, and intuitively realizes that he is witnessing a sickness or a sadness or even both. Hettie cries for herself, and Peekay comforts her. That afternoon the train arrives at the Kaapmuiden station. The railwaymen have to employ monkey wrenches to try to get Hettie out of the compartment. After telling Peekay she has faith in his becoming a great boxer, she dies quietly. Analysis In Chapter Seven, Peekay takes a detour, describing the tragicomic events that occur on his train ride between the towns of Gravelotte and Kaapmuiden.Big Hettie is representative of the passing characters pattern in the novel-some characters remain, while others coexist only briefly with Peekay. As with Hoppie, Peekay takes something away from Big Hettie. He learns about pride and courage. Peekay is skill how to absorb the essence of other people, how to remember what they say. Thus , the power of one does not refer to an individualistic sentiment, but rather to an all-encompassing notion, which acknowledges that the individual is shaped by all those people who pass through his life, whether for a brief or lengthy time.Peekay describes the events of the novel with humor and compassion events are often both crotchety and sad. Big Hettie becomes one of the novels caricatured, burlesque characters, and this chapter could almost be called a tribute to her. Chapter Seven thus deviates from the overarching plot. Hoppies earn to Peekay, included at the beginning of the chapter, also works to disrupt the neat, narrative flow and-as Peekays first letter (and wager won)-it acts as a kind of mark of initiation into a more adult world.The toilet humor ap foster in this chapter (Big Hetties belches, for example) not only works as part of the burlesque, but constructs an ultraviolet hierarchy amongst the characters- proximity to bodily Chapter Eight Summary The train arri ves at Barberton station late at night. Hennie Venter says farewell to Peekay and promises to tell Hoppie that Peekay behaved like a proper Boer, a real white man. Peekay does not recognize anyone on the platform and so he sits silently crying, longing for his nanny to arrive and swing over him up. Then he notices a lady approaching.She calls him her darling and holds her against her bony body. Peekay realizes that it is his mother. When Peekay asks her where his nanny is, she simply says that he is too old for a nanny and hurries him out to a car where a certain Pastor Mulvery is hold to take them home to Granpa. Peekays mother and Pastor Mulvery spend the car ride home praising the Lords unprecedented name. Peekays mother intimates that he must become a born-again Christian at the Apostolic credit Mission, and Pastor Mulvery says they are on their way to meeting the Lord.Peekay asks if they can meet the Lord the following dayhe is too exhausted that night. They both laugh. Pe ekay longs for the continuation of his past life on the farm. He discovers, fortunately, that the new house has exactly the same furniture as the farmhouse. He surveys the scene the grandfather clock, the stuffed Kudu head, the image of the Rourkes Drift massacre, the zebra skin. Peekays Granpa enters the room and Peekay notices that he remains unchanged too. Only the kettle in the kitchen looks new and temporary. Peekay resolves to question his Granpa about nannys whereabouts the following day.In the dawn he explores the back tend, which he finds full of blush winebusheshe observes that the garden looked like the sort of tunnel Alice might well have found in Wonderland. Beyond the fences surrounding the garden, Peekay notices plants of a wilder nature-quince, guava, orange, lemon, avocado, poinsettia, and aloe. He decides to explore and, before he realizes, he has climbed high up the hill. Compared to the African bush, the rose garden looks tizzy and sentimental as a painting on a chocolate box. He surveys the town of Barberton from above, and then joins his Granpa in the rose garden.When he asks where his nanny is, his Granpa slowly puffs on his pipe and tells Peekay a cryptic story about his grandmother, for whom he says Africa was too severe. Then he tells Peekay to ask his mother about nanny. Returning to the house, Peekay is reunited with the twin kitchen maids Dum and Dee, who tell him that Nanny is still alive. They also explain to Peekay that his mother has become a seamstress. When Peekay finally confronts his mother about Nanny, his mother tells him that she returned to Zululand because she refused to remove her heathen charms and amulets. Peekay shouts that the Lord is a shithead and runs through the Alice in Wonderland tunnels until he reaches the hill. The orchis of the loneliness birds are crushed into powder inside him and, in a moment, he grows up. Analysis Chapter Eight contrasts the preceding two chapters (which cover Peekays temporar y adventures on the train home) by introducing Peekay and the reader to his new permanent place, Barberton. He has to deal with the prospect of a life with his returned mother and her religious fanaticism. He desperately searches for continuity and finds that his Granpa, Dum, and Dee are his only constants.While Peekays experiences keep shifting from one backdrop to another, his method of narration is not disrupted, but is conventional and linear. Occasionally, he reminisces about past events, but generally he moves forward chronologically. You may ask how a six-year-old could think like this. I can only answer that one did. The reader finds continuity in the story itself through the recurring motif of the loneliness birds, whose eggs transform to dust at the conclusion of Chapter Eight. This shift is significant, and Peekay observes that, suddenly, he has grown up.He ends the chapter by addressing the reader directly. He specifically addresses the readers skepticism. It may seem ir onic that at the same moment that Peekay announces his burst into the adult world, he confronts the readers adult rationality. However, as the novel unfolds, it will become apparent that Peekay possesses a special manner of corporate trust adult logic and rationality with a childlike appreciation for the magic and mystery of the world. The literary allusions to Lewis Carrolls novel Alice in Wonderland highlight this belief in magic.It is no accident that the names of the kitchen maids are Dum and Dee, reminiscent of the Carrolls characters Tweedledum and Tweedledee (Peekay presumably provided these nicknames for them in his youth). Not only does Peekay profess to grow up in this chapter, but for the first time he truly begins to grapple with the concept of Africa and his place in it. With his simile comparing his Granpas rose garden to a chocolate box picture, Peekay consigns the garden to symbolic status-he sees the cultivated garden as a symbol of Englishness.The epithets he uses to describe the garden- tizzy and sentimental-suggest that he wishes to repudiate this part of his identity and allow himself to be captivated by the wild, untamed African land. Chapter Nine Summary While Peekay sits on a shake up on the hillside, surveying Barberton, a very tall and thin man with a camera introduces himself as Professor von Vollensteen. He tells Peekay that he could not resist taking a photograph of him as he sat on the rock. He asks for Peekays permission to call it Boy on a Rock. Peekay notices that the professor is carrying a cactus in his canvas backsack.He asks why the cactus is not pricking the professor, and the old man promises to reveal the secret. He takes the cactus from his bag and introduces it to Peekay as Euphorbia grandicornis a very shy cactus. He shows Peekay that his backsack is made of leather, protecting his back from the cactus prickles. Peekay says that he could have worked that out for himself, and the professor calls him a schmarty pants . He asks Peekay whether he knows what a professor is, and Peekay has to admit that he does not know. Suddenly the professor notices a rare aloe under the sock on which Peekay is sitting, and yelps Wunderbar Peekay reminds him that he has not yet explained the word professor. The man replies, A professor is a person who drinks too much whiskey and once plays goot Beethoven. Then he tells Peekay that he can call him atomic number 101 instead of Professor. commercialism and Peekay part ways and Peekay returns home, to a dismal Dum and Dee. Cowering, they tell him that his mother wants to see him. Peekay does not feel scared-his mother does not realize that he is a veteran of interrogation and punishment. Peekays mother makes him apologize to her, then breaks down into tears of self-pity.At this, Peekay feels relieved because he is more accustomed to this side of his mother. He tells her to lie down, and brings her some tea and an Aspro. Two days later, Peekay sits watching arm y trucks filled with soldiers passing by the house when doctor arrives. medico greets Peekay cordially and says that he wishes to speak to his mother-he has brought an aloe and the photograph of Peekay as presents for her. Doc discovers, to his horror, that Doc is a German. Doc tells Peekays mother that he believes her son is a genius and he wishes to give him music lessons. At first she resists, since she does not accept charity from anyone.Doc eventually convinces her by saying that in return for the lessons he requires Peekay to work for him, collecting cacti. Peekays mother now agrees- having a son trained in classic music will be a status symbol for her, a social equalizer. The summer months pass and Peekay spends the majority of his time with Doc, roaming the Barberton kloofs (cliffs) collecting cacti. Doc teaches Peekay the priceless lesson of identification. He teaches Peekay how to observe, how to listen to himself, and how to use his brain for both original thought an d as a reference library for storing information.Doc supplements Peekays outdoors education with morning pianissimo lessons, and frequent trips to the Barberton library, run by Mrs. Boxall. Peekay soon realizes that he is competent but not a gifted musician. His mother, however, is delighted when Peekay stuns all the Barberton citizens at the bi-annual cultural concert by playing Chopin. The Afrikaners leave the concert when all the English people begin singing White Cliffs of Dover. Peekay explains the close relationship between the Boers and the Germans, who gave the Boers assistance during the Boer War. AnalysisDoc, or Professor von Vollensteen, helps Peekay to counter generalizations about Germans. Peekay is at first shocked since he associates all Germans with Hitlers Nazi party. Chapter Nine shows some stylistic deviations from previous chapters by Peekays deviations into historical descriptions. At the conclusion of the chapter, he provides the reader with a lengthy descript ion of the close relationship that developed between the Germans and the Boers during the Boer War. In such a way, he undertakes to educate the reader-he does not make allusions to historical events he explains them.This results in the novel being self-containedone does not have to undertake much external research in order to understand its context. Perhaps the author is suggesting that the very notion of muniment and historical recording is at stake in this time period. History cannot be taken for granted, and invoice text books cannot be trusted. By taking Peekay under his tutelage, Doc becomes the next of Peekays string of mentors. Docs character introduces a couple of new vocabulary sets into the novel-that of Latin cacti names, and that of his quirky half-German half- invented dialect.He uses nonsense terms such as absoloodle, and German exclamations such as wunderbar. Doc is a caricatured character (he occupies the space of a kind of fairy godfather), who becomes a foil to Peekays Granpa-the latter confines himself to the preened, meted world of his rose garden, while the former exposes himself to the dangerous, exciting life of cacti and aloes. Although Peekay now has his mother and Granpa with him, there exists a glaring absence of anyone playing a truly parental role in his life.Doc fills this role. Instead of caring for her son, Peekays mother neglects him in favor of the Lord, and Peekay in fact plays the role of parent to her. Peekay subtly underscores his mothers hypocrisy-while subscribing to the Lord as the only avatar of morality and modesty, she enjoys the status that Peekays skill at classical piano affords her. Chapter Nine demonstrates a distinct method in Peekays narrative style he begins to provide the reader with recaps, or summaries, of events that have already happened.For example, he recapitulates the events of Chapter Eight and the beginning of Chapter Nine as follows The loneliness birds had flown away and I had grown up and made a new friend called Doc and had learned several new things. The abundance of the coordinating conjunction and stresses Peekays eagerness to tally these occasions-the effect is one of pressing and continuity. The reader can almost hear the tremble in Peekays voice. The older narrator-Peekay reminds the reader that the younger Peekay has to hold on to the constants in his life-even the loneliness birds have become a constant.The reader senses Peekays need to impart his life story-it is not a self- aggrandizing process, but a way in which he can circumscribe the uncertainties of his past. Indeed, the chapter concludes with the adult Peekay bespeak the loss of Doc from his life. Chapter cristal Summary Peekay skips two classes at the local school. Doc has positive(p) him that he should drop his camouflage and reveal his intelligence. Doc is Peekays true teacher. When around Doc, Peekay says that his brain is constantly hungry. As in the summer months, Peekay arrives shortly after dawn each day for his music lesson with Doc.Docs eyes are often bloodshot and he tells Peekay that the wolves were howling in his head the previous night-his euphemism for being drunk. Docs Johnny stroller whisky bottles border the path in Docs cactus garden. One Saturday afternoon in January 1941, Doc and Peekay are working in the garden when Peekay notices a military police van draw up. An officer and a serjeant-at-law emerge and, smoking cigarettes, they wait for Doc and Peekay to approach. Then the sergeant arrests Doc under the Aliens Act of 1939. Doc does not resist but instead sadly tells Peekay that he now must care for the cactus garden.Then Doc asks permission to shave and make a change of clothing before leaving for Barberton prison. Peekay brings jugs of water for Doc to wash. Peekay helps Doc to pack, and slips a half-bottle of Johnny Walker into Docs bag. The sergeant finds the whisky in the bag and wants to share it with Doc, but Doc refuses to drink. The sergeant d rinks part of the whisky then pours the rest onto Docs beloved Steinway piano. Doc smacks the sergeants wrist with his manner of walking stick, and the sergeant calls him a fucking Nazi bastard and a child fucker. Doc, however, is already walking towards the military van.The sergeant runs after him and handcuffs him, then kicks Docs legs so that he collapses onto his knees. Peekay runs after Doc, screaming, and tries to throw his arms around Docs legs. As he leaps, the sergeants kick intended for Docs ribcage connects with Peekays face and knocks him unconscious. Peekay regains consciousness in Barberton hospital, terribly worried about Doc. The boys jaw has been broken, making it impossible for him to speak. A fifteen- year-old nurse with acne, Marie, looks after Peekay and calls him her skattebol (fluffball).She tells Peekay that he has become a town hero for trying to restrain a German spy. Peekays mother and Pastor Mulvery visit him often, and continue their attempts to conv ert him. Peekay remembers Docs version of God-a force too busy training bees to fuss with silly humans. Peekays mother calls Doc an evil man who attempted to kill him. Peekay fumes with frustration-he is the only one who knows the truth but he is futile to speak up to defend Doc. He writes to Mrs. Boxall asking her to visit him as soon as possible. Marie eventually agrees to convey the letter on Peekays behalf. While waiting for Mrs.Boxall, Peekay writes a long letter explaining the details of Docs arrest. Mrs. Boxall expresses delight at Peekays testimony and exclaims that it has arrived just in time-the military court is about to put Doc on trial. She shows Peekay the front page of their local newspaper, The Goldfields News. The picture Doc took of Peekay on the rock is headlined with the words THE boy HE TRIED TO KILL Peekay receives a letter from Mrs. Boxallshe has shown his testimony to Mr. Andrews, the lawyer, but he has said that the plot is so sophisticated that no one wi ll believe that a seven-year-old wrote it.Marie, the only person who can understand Peekays garble through his broken jaw, is thus commissioned to be his interpreter. Peekay, Marie, Mrs. Boxall, and Mr. Andrews arrive at the magistrate Colonel de Villiers office. Marie takes a while to find her voice, but Peekay manages to prove that he wrote the statement by writing down the names of various Latin succulents. They win the case, but Doc has to remain in prison since he did not register as a foreign alien when he arrived in South Africa fifteen years previously. Peekay visits Doc in prison and meets Klipkop (Johannes Oudendaal) and Lieutenant Smit.Klipkop tells Peekay that he is a boxer, and Peekay begs him to give him lessons. He tells Klipkop he has to become the welterweight champion of the world. Klipkop says that he is too young-the youngest trainee in their boxing prison squad is ten years old. Peekay watches as Klipkop brutally beats one of the black prison servants, accusing him of stealing some biscuits. Smit watches quietly, then tells Klipkop afterward that he was the one who ate the biscuits. The men take Peekay to meet Kommandant van Zyl, who tells Peekay to inform Mrs.Boxall of a confusion he has for the townspeople the following Monday, in the town square. Peekay asks the kommandant if he can box with their squad. Smit is furious with Peekay afterwards. However, Peekay has recognise that Jackhammer Smit is Lieutenant Smits brother. When he refers to the Gravelotte fight, Smits eyes begin to shine and he accepts Peekay into the squad. Peekay is forbidden from boxing for two yearshe may only do technique training. Eventually Peekay gets to see Doc. Doc tells Peekay the strike on Monday is a very stupid thing.He tells Peekay to meet him in his cactus garden at noon that day, and to find Beethovens Symphony Number Five in his piano stool, as well as what is above the sheet music (his whisky). Mrs. Boxall becomes very excited when Peekay relays th is news to hershe says Doc is to give a concert. On Monday Smit and Klipkop fetch the Steinway from Docs house. They introduce Peekay to another warder, Gert Marais. Gert, an Afrikaner who does not speak English, cannot understand Doc and Peekays conversation. Doc tells Peekay that he does not want to give the concert-he has not performed for sixteen years.However, the prison warders will not allow Peekay to visit him if he refuses. Doc tells Peekay of his musical history-he describes the disastrous concert of 1925 in Berlin where, playing Beethovens Symphony Number Five, he froze up. As the city manager is introducing Doc in the Barberton town square, a fight breaks out between the English and the Afrikaners. Doc, trembling, takes a stagnate of whisky and begins to play. The crowd immediately quiets and is captivated by the music. Doc plays beautifully and Peekay has never seen him so happy. AnalysisChapter Ten is one of the novels longest chapters, taking up almost a tenth of the novel. It carries through on Peekays foreshadowing at the end of Chapter Nine-the loss of Doc and, in a sense, the loss of his childhood. For the first time in his life, at a mere seven years of age, Peekay must confront military and legal institutions-not as a peripheral visitor, but as an eye- witness of Docs arrest and thus as an insider. Peekay reserves his own critical judgment of the cruel events he experiences (Docs arrest, Klipkops brutal treatment of the black prison servant) in order to allow the reader to draw her own conclusions.Peekay takes on the role of objective reporter or commentator in these situations. However, he hints that his reserved behavior does not stem from disinterestednesshe realizes that survival in these settings depends on being diplomatic. Neither does the adult narrator withhold critique of the immorality of the prison world-his tone, often earnest, becomes ironic in his descriptions of the prison round. After describing the office of the komman dant, with its stuffed gemsbok, eland, steenbok, and springbok heads, the narrator illustrates the kommandant himself, who claims to love wild animals.The narrators precise descriptionsincluding, for example, the names of all the different kinds of buck on the kommandants wallsstress the effect Doc has had on Peekay. Doc has taught Peekay how to observe, analyze, record. These skills will be vital to Peekays success and survival throughout the novel. There are other reasons why it is sane for the narrator to unleash his criticism of the harsh, racist behavior in South Africa in a subtle, rather than direct manner. Firstly, The Power of One was written at a time when apartheid was still alive in South Africa.The author himself has to take a diplomatic tone. Secondly, the author does not wish readers to see the South African struggle as one between good and evil forces he paints the prison staff as humans, not monsters. They have redeeming qualities. Klipkop, Lieutenant Smit, and Ko mmandant van Zyl are all extremely kind to Peekay. The officers who arrest Doc take a moment to have a cigarette. It is a human moment before their violent treatment of Doc. Moreover, Docs ability to halt the brawling in the town square, with his beautiful rendition of Beethoven, suggests the gratification of our shared humanity.The chapter ends on an optimistic note when it intimates that a universal spirit holds us all together in spite of our myriad differences. This tone of optimism emerges as the novels distinguishing tone. In spite of Peekays portrayal of crude or violent behavior, his faith in the notion of the power of one lingers. Chapter Eleven Summary Dee and Dum wake Peekay every morning with coffee and a rusk (a hard biscuit) and he heads to the prison for boxing lessons and then his piano lesson with Doc. The prison staff allows these lessons to proceed since they enjoy the social status afforded by having two classical musicians in their midst.Doc does not understand Peekays need to box, but he assists Peekay with musical analogies. He says that in music, as in boxing, exercises make up ones foundation. Peekays visits are so constant that he becomes part of the prison shadow world. Peekay becomes friends with Gert Marais, the Afrikaans warder. Gert fixes the boxing speedball so that it is low enough for Peekay